Solar ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D may reduce the risk of septicemia

Grant, William B.

doi:10.4161/derm.1.1.7250

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…However, an ecological study offers reasonable evidence that higher serum 25(OH)D level is associated with reduced risk of sepsis in the United States, on the basis of racial, seasonal and geographic variations (Grant, 2009e). The mechanism is induction of cathelicidin by vitamin D (Mookherjee et al, 2007).…”

Section: Maternal Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

An estimate of the global reduction in mortality rates through doubling vitamin D levels

Grant

2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: The goal of this work is to estimate the reduction in mortality rates for six geopolitical regions of the world under the assumption that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels increase from 54 to 110 nmol/l. Subjects/Methods: This study is based on interpretation of the journal literature relating to the effects of solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) and vitamin D in reducing the risk of disease and estimates of the serum 25(OH)D level-disease risk relations for cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory infections. The vitamin D-sensitive diseases that account for more than half of global mortality rates are CVD, cancer, respiratory infections, respiratory diseases, tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Additional vitamin D-sensitive diseases and conditions that account for 2 to 3% of global mortality rates are Alzheimer's disease, falls, meningitis, Parkinson's disease, maternal sepsis, maternal hypertension (pre-eclampsia) and multiple sclerosis. Increasing serum 25(OH)D levels from 54 to 110 nmol/l would reduce the vitamin D-sensitive disease mortality rate by an estimated 20%. Results: The reduction in all-cause mortality rates range from 7.6% for African females to 17.3% for European females. Reductions for males average 0.6% lower than for females. The estimated increase in life expectancy is 2 years for all six regions. Conclusions: Increasing serum 25(OH)D levels is the most cost-effective way to reduce global mortality rates, as the cost of vitamin D is very low and there are few adverse effects from oral intake and/or frequent moderate UVB irradiance with sufficient body surface area exposed.

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Section: Maternal Sepsismentioning

confidence: 99%

An estimate of the global reduction in mortality rates through doubling vitamin D levels

Grant

2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…The well-known major function of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone mineralization, but currently, many studies have focused on the novel roles of vitamin D in glucose metabolism, endothelial functions and immune modulation (Nierman and Mechanick 1998;Grant 2009;Lee et al 2009;Braun et al 2011). Although the mechanism of vitamin D on enhanced immunity is complex, it might have an important role in the optimal function of the innate immune system by inducing antimicrobial peptides in epithelial cells, neutrophils and macrophages (Kempker et al 2012;Clancy et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated with Pediatric Sepsis

Aydemir¹,

Çekmez²,

Kalkan

et al. 2014

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Despite major advances in intensive care, sepsis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D is involved in various physiologic functions, including cellular responses during infection and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in childhood sepsis because it can be fatal if diagnosis delayed. The study included 40 children with sepsis and 20 children without sepsis (control group). We included only the patients with high probable sepsis, judged by clinical and laboratory findings, including positive blood culture. Blood samples were collected from patients with sepsis before treatment (pre-treatment group) and 48-72 hours later (post-treatment group). Treatment varied from ampicillin-sulbactam to cephalosporin. Blood samples were collected from control group once on admission. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly higher in sepsis (pre-treatment group) than control group (74 ± 8 ng/ml vs. 28 ± 12 ng/ml, p = 0.01) and the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were decreased to 44 ± 5 ng/ml (p = 0.01) after treatment. Moreover, we found significant positive correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and each of well-know sepsis markers, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. A cut-off point of 20 ng/mL for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D showed 84% sensitivity and 76% specificity for sepsis diagnosis. This is the first study evaluating the diagnostic role of vitamin D in pediatric sepsis, thereby suggesting that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level can be used as a diagnostic marker for sepsis with high sensitivity and specificity.

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“…24,25 Macrophages, lymphocytes and monocytes have VDRs that, with 25(OH)D stimulation, increase the expression of these antimicrobial peptides. 26,27 Jeng et al noted a positive relationship between vitamin D levels and cathelicidin levels in acutely ill patients. 28 Cathelicidin is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, fungi and mycobacteria at a variety of pathogen entry sites, including the skin and the mucosal linings of the respiratory and gastrointestinal sys-tems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D deficiency and morbidity among preterm infants in a developing country

Srinivasan

Chandramathi

Prabhu

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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INTRODUCTIONAlthough there is no consensus on optimum levels of serum vitamin D levels, vitamin D deficiency is defined as a 25-hydroxy vitamin D level of less than 20 ng per millilitre (50 nmol per litre). [1][2][3][4] No specific definition exists for preterm infants. With the use of such definitions, it has been estimated that 1 billion people worldwide have vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. [5][6][7] High prevalence of physiologically significant hypovitaminosis D among pregnant women and their term newborns have been reported in India. 8 The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), exerts its bio-logical actions by binding to a nuclear receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and these are present in almost every organ system in the body. It is speculated that there is a physiologic role for vitamin D and its metabolites in general health. 9,12,13 The awareness of a role for vitamin D in the regulation of immune responses was triggered by the discovery of VDRs in almost all immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. 10 Moreover, immune signals can regulate expression levels of the VDR and the enzymes involved in vitamin D metabolism. 11The VDRs and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes have also been identified in both the vasculature and the heart ABSTRACT Background: The association of serum vitamin D levels to clinical outcome in VLBW infants has not been studied. Our objective was to measure the cord blood levels, and the dose response for two doses of vitamin D in preterm infants and correlate the relationship of vitamin D levels to the clinical outcome. Methods: We prospectively obtained cord blood levels in 80 preterm infants under 34 weeks gestation (mean gestation age 29±2 weeks and BW: 1210±350 gms). Infants were supplemented with 400 IU or 800-1000 IU vitamin D daily. Serun vitamin D levels were obtained at 2 -3 weeks after supplementation and levels were correlated to clinical outcome. Results: The mean cord blood vitamin D level was 12±8.5 ng/ml. Babies who developed sepsis and compared to those who did not develop these morbidities, ROP had vitamin D levels: 13.5±6 (ng/ml) versus 30.5±10 (ng/ml) (p < 0.01) and 15.7±11 (ng/ml) versus 34±18 (ng/ml) (p <0.03) respectively. Supplementation with 400 IU vitamin D resulted in levels of 17±8.6 (ng/ml) and infants given 800-1000 IU vitamin D had levels 46±17(ng/ml) (p <0.001). Conclusions: These data suggest that cord blood vitamin D levels are low in preterm infants and 800-1000 IU vitamin D supplementation is advisable to achieve levels >30 ng/ml. Infants with low levels of vitamin D have higher incidence of sepsis, and ROP.

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Solar ultraviolet-B irradiance and vitamin D may reduce the risk of septicemia

Cited by 52 publications

References 77 publications

An estimate of the global reduction in mortality rates through doubling vitamin D levels

An estimate of the global reduction in mortality rates through doubling vitamin D levels

High Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated with Pediatric Sepsis

Vitamin D deficiency and morbidity among preterm infants in a developing country

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