Solar thermochemical reactions III: A convenient one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles catalyzed by high surface area SiO2 and induced by solar thermal energy

Current advances in the synthesis and biological potencies of tri- and tetra-substituted 1H-imidazoles

“…The synthesis of imidazoles bearing furan rings were rarely reported [122,[201][202][203] since the furan ring have some chemical properties, such as being electron rich, having lower resonance energy, easily being ring-opened with a Bronsted acid. These properties may be responsible for the small number of reports in the literature regarding the synthesis of imidazoles bearing furan ring as a substituent [161].…”

“…The most used conventional route for preparation of 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazoles is the cyclocondensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compound [122] or 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone [201], aldehyde and ammonium acetate or amine, as well as the reaction between 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, aromatic amines and aromatic cyanides [202], and the nucleophilic substitution reaction of a tri-substituted imidazole with benzyl chloride [203].…”

K7Na3P2W18Cu4O68: A Mild, Efficient, and Reusable Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐Tetra Substituted Imidazoles

“…Recently, four-component condensation of benzil, benzaldehyde derivatives, primary amines, and ammonium acetate has been reported for this system using silicagel or zeolite HY [16], silicagel, NaHSO 4 [17], molecular iodine [18], K 5 CoW 12 O 40 ,3H 2 O [19], Keggin, Preyssler, and Wells-Dawson-type heteropolyacids [20][21][22], MCM-41 [23], HClO 4 -SiO 2 [24], BF 3 , SiO 2 [25], poly(AMPS-co-AA) [26], L-proline [27] high surface area [28], and InCl 3 , 3H 2 O [29], DABCO [30], Al 2 O 3 [31], MPS [32], zeolite Cu(NO 3 ) 2 [33], SBPPSA [34], N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium hydrogen sulfate [35], PEG-400 [36], NaH 2 PO 4 [37], TFA [38], carbon based/solid acid [39], [Bmim]Br [40], Fe +3 -K10 [41], CU(OAc) 2 [42], CAN [43], FeCl 3 [44], NiCl 2 ⋅ 6H 2 O [45], Bronsted acidic ionic liquids [46], ZrCl 4 [47], and solid acid zirconium nanocatalyst [48]. ese methods have their own merits and drawbacks.…”

Solar Thermochemical Reactions IV: Unusual Reaction of Nitrones with Acetonitrile Derivatives Induced by Solar Thermal Energy

“…Recently, we have designed a new strategy aiming at the synthesis of pharmacologically interesting heterocyclic systems using solar energy as eco-friendly energy source [12][13][14]. In continuation of this work, we report herein the behaviour of some acetonitrile derivatives towards differently substituted open-chain C-aryl(or hetaryl)-N-phenylnitrones under the effect of solar thermal energy.…”