Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO<sub>3</sub>/SrO Supported on SrZrO<sub>3</sub>

Rhodes, Nathan R.; Barde, Amey; Randhir, Kelvin; Li, Like; Hahn, David W.; Mei, Renwei; Klausner, James F.; AuYeung, Nick

doi:10.1002/cssc.201501023

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, limestone has been usually dismissed as a feasible choice for TCES because of the marked deactivation of quicklime with the number of carbonation/calcination cycles as is inferred from lab‐scale studies focused on the use of the CaL cycle for CO 2 capture . Thus, alternative synthetic composites based on CaO, or other oxides such as SrO, are investigated with the goal of achieving a high and stable conversion along the multiple carbonation/calcination cycles for TCES of CSP . On the other hand, the use of these usually expensive materials would increase the cost of energy storage, which would hinder the short‐to‐medium‐term commercial development of CSP with thermochemical storage.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power

et al. 2016

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Cheap, efficient, and non‐toxic energy storage technologies are urgently needed to handle the rapidly increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energies into the grid. This work explores the use of limestone and dolomite for energy storage in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants by means of the calcium looping (CaL) process based on the multicycle carbonation/calcination of CaO. An efficient integration of the CaL process into CSP plants involves high temperature carbonation and calcination at moderate temperatures in a close CO2 cycle for power generation. These conditions differ from those of the CaL process for CO2 capture, which lead to CaO deactivation as extensively reported in recent years. In contrast, we show that limestone‐ and dolomite‐derived CaO give rise to a high residual conversion at CaL–CSP conditions and in short residence times, which would facilitate the development of a competitive and clean CSP technology with permanent energy storage.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power

et al. 2016

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“…As usually reported in the last years by studies on the use of the CaL process for CO 2 capture, limestone derived CaO shows a marked deactivation under the standard CaL conditions specific for CO 2 capture [34,41,42] that necessarily involve calcination at rather high temperatures (~950ºC) under high CO 2 partial pressure and carbonation under low CO 2 partial pressure [28]. Thus, it is usually assumed that a marked drop of CaO conversion will also hinder the efficiency of the CaL process for TCES [43]. However, it is important to remark that the multicycle conversion of CaO under calcination/carbonation conditions that optimize the efficiency of the CSP-CaL integration (radically different from those specific for CO 2 capture as will be seen) could be kept at a stable and high value.…”

Section: Description Of the Csp-cal Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical energy storage of concentrated solar power by integration of the calcium looping process and a CO2 power cycle

et al. 2016

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Energy storage is the main challenge for a deep penetration of renewable energies into the grid to overcome their intrinsic variability. Thus, the commercial expansion of renewable energy, particularly wind and solar, at large scale depends crucially on the development of cheap, efficient and non-toxic energy storage systems enabling to supply more flexibility to the grid. The Ca-Looping (CaL) process, based upon the reversible carbonation/calcination of CaO, is one of the most promising technologies for thermochemical energy storage (TCES), which offers a high potential for the long-term storage of energy with relatively small storage volume. This manuscript explores the use of the CaL process to store Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). A CSP-CaL integration scheme is proposed mainly characterized by the use of a CO 2 closed loop for the CaL cycle and power production, which provides heat decoupled from the solar source and temperatures well above the ~550ºC limit that poses the use of molten salts currently used to store energy as sensible heat. The proposed CSP-CaL integration leads to high values of plant global efficiency (of around 45-46%) with a storage capacity that allows for long time gaps between load and discharge. Moreover, the use of environmentally benign, abundantly available and cheap raw materials such as natural limestone would mark a milestone on the road towards the industrial competitiveness of CSP.

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“…trans-regional storage concept, stating the importance of carbonation temperature, reaction conversion and the heat recovery on the effective storage density130 . However, still a lifecycle assessment of the overall carbon footprint of the suggested concept should be provided, especially considering that large CaO volumes must be transported long distances.Other carbonates proposed for TCS applications are the PbCO3, BaCO3 and SrCO362,142,143 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Solar Energy on Demand: A Review on High Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems and Materials

et al. 2019

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Among renewable energies, wind and solar are inherently intermittent and therefore both require efficient energy storage systems to facilitate a round-the-clock electricity production at global scale. In this context, concentrated solar power (CSP) stands out among other sustainable technologies because it offers the interesting possibility of storing energy collected from the sun as heat, by sensible, latent or thermochemical means. Accordingly, continuous electricity generation in the power block is possible even during off-sun periods, providing CSP plants with a remarkable dispatchability. Sensible heat storage has been already incorporated to commercial CSP plants. However, due to its potentially higher energy storage density, thermochemical heat storage (TCS) systems emerge as an attractive alternative for the design of next generation power plants, which are expected to operate at higher temperatures. Through these systems, thermal energy is used to drive endothermic chemical reactions, which can subsequently release the stored energy when needed through a reversible exothermic step. This review analyzes the status 2 of this prominent energy storage technology, its major challenges and future perspectives, covering in detail the numerous strategies proposed for the improvement of materials and thermochemical reactors. Thermodynamic calculations allow selecting high energy density systems, but experimental findings indicate that sufficiently rapid kinetics and long-term stability trough continuous cycles of chemical transformation are also necessary for practical implementation. In addition, selecting easy to handle materials with reduced cost and limited toxicity is crucial for large-scale deployment of this technology. In this work, the possible utilization of materials as diverse as metal hydrides, hydroxides or carbonates for thermochemical storage is discussed. Furthermore, especial attention is paid to the development of redox metal oxides, such as Co3O4/CoO, Mn2O3/Mn3O4 and perovskites of different compositions, as an auspicious new class of TCS materials due to the advantage of working with atmospheric air as reactant, avoiding the need of gas storage tanks. Current knowledge about the structural, morphological and chemical modifications of these solids, either caused during redox transformations, or induced wittingly as a way to improve their properties, is revised in detail. In addition, the design of new reactors concepts proposed for the most efficient use of TCS in concentrated solar facilities is also critically considered. Finally, strategies for the harmonic integration of these units in functioning solar power plants, as well as the economic aspects are also briefly assessed.

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Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO₃/SrO Supported on SrZrO₃

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power

On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power

Thermochemical energy storage of concentrated solar power by integration of the calcium looping process and a CO2 power cycle

Solar Energy on Demand: A Review on High Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems and Materials

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Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO3/SrO Supported on SrZrO3

Cited by 61 publications

References 36 publications

On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power

On the Multicycle Activity of Natural Limestone/Dolomite for Thermochemical Energy Storage of Concentrated Solar Power

Thermochemical energy storage of concentrated solar power by integration of the calcium looping process and a CO2 power cycle

Solar Energy on Demand: A Review on High Temperature Thermochemical Heat Storage Systems and Materials

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Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO₃/SrO Supported on SrZrO₃