Solar Spectrum Conversion for Photovoltaics Using Nanoparticles

Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van; Meijerink, A.; Schropp, R.E.I.

doi:10.5772/39213

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…The choice can depend on the field of application of the solar simulator. For example, the optimum output current of a PV cell is generated when the incident spectrum matches with the spectral absorption properties of the semiconductor [107] and are more sensitive to the incident light spectrum below 1000nm for a silicon PV cell [33,[73][74][75][76]. Multi-junction PV cells are more sensitive to the spectrum of the light source which affects their fill factor and short-circuit resistance [77].…”

Section: Light Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light source selection for a solar simulator for thermal applications: A review

Tawfik

Tonnellier

Sansom

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

108

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Solar simulators are used to test components and systems under controlled and repeatable conditions, often in locations with unsuitable insolation for outdoor testing. The growth in renewable energy generation has led to an increased need to develop, manufacture and test components and subsystems for solar thermal, photovoltaic (PV), and concentrating optics for both thermal and electrical solar applications. At the heart of any solar simulator is the light source itself. This paper reviews the light sources available for both low and high-flux solar simulators used for thermal applications. Criteria considered include a comparison of the lamp wavelength spectrum with the solar spectrum, lamp intensity, cost, stability, durability, and any hazards associated with use. Four main lamp types are discussed in detail, namely argon arc, the metal halide, tungsten halogen lamp, and xenon arc lamps.In addition to describing the characteristics of each lamp type, the popularity of usage of each type over time is also indicated. This is followed by guidelines for selecting a suitable lamp, depending on the requirements of the user and the criteria applied for selection. The appropriate international standards are also addressed and discussed. The review shows that metal halide and xenon arc lamps predominate, since both provide a good spectral match to the solar output. The xenon lamp provides a more intense and stable output, but has the disadvantages of being a high-pressure component, requiring infrared filtering, and the need of a more complex and expensive power supply. As a result, many new solar simulators prefer metal halide lamps. KeywordsSolar simulator, sunlight, solar spectrum, CSP, metal halide, tungsten lamp 1 Introduction The growing demand for energy, combined with issues of environmental pollution, climate change, and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, have encouraged the research and development of cost effective renewable alternatives [1-3]. Solar electrical and thermal energy research groups have focused on developing novel technologies and on improving existing renewable solutions. In 2014, the global combined installed capacity of solar hot water and concentrating solar power (CSP) was 410.4 GW, representing 8% of the world's renewable energy sources [4].The transient nature of solar energy represents a critical challenge for technologies testing. Outdoor experiments are carried out in real but uncontrollable environments. For example, incident solar energy levels are highly dependent on atmospheric conditions and sky clarity over time [5]. Therefore, achieving

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Section: Light Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light source selection for a solar simulator for thermal applications: A review

Tawfik

Tonnellier

Sansom

2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

108

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“…Regarding the coherence time τ c , it ranges between 1 to 5 fs for crystalline Silicon detecting light spectrum between 400-1200 nm (∆ω max ≈ 3PHz) [23], or can even be engineered in solar antennas which are designed to absorb at a specific wavelength or at a broad spectral bandwidth [24] . Realistic values for the average number of detected photons n = αT AN I ′ , at which correlations can be perceived by the detection system, depend on the interplay between the solar flux of photons φ(λ) -which peaks at about 500-600 nm-, and the detectors response (αT A).…”

Section: Photosynthesis Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting non-trivial spatio-temporal correlations of thermal radiation for sunlight harvesting

Mendoza

Caycedo‐Soler

Manrique

et al. 2017

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract.The promise of any small improvement in the performance of light-harvesting devices, is sufficient to drive enormous experimental efforts. However these efforts are almost exclusively focused on enhancing the power conversion efficiency with specific material properties and harvesting layers thickness, without exploiting the correlations present in sunlight -in part because such correlations are assumed to have negligible effect. Here we show, by contrast, that these spatio-temporal correlations are sufficiently relevant that the use of specific detector geometries would significantly improve the performance of harvesting devices. The resulting increase in the absorption efficiency, as the primary step of energy conversion, may also act as a potential driving mechanism for artificial photosynthetic systems. Our analysis presents design guidelines for optimal detector geometries with realistic incident intensities based on current technological capabilities.

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“…The efficiency of spectral converters based on rare earth (RE) ions doped crystalline materials is related to the characteristic energy level structures of RE ions, which allows up-and/or down-conversion processes by resonant energy transfer between lanthanide ions [1]. Besides many other applications of such materials, they can be used in the solar cells technology to achieve high efficiency in conversion of solar energy into electric current, by the concentration of solar radiation in the appropriate spectral range, leading thus to enhancement of the photovoltaic effect.…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient near-infrared quantum cutting by cooperative energy transfer in Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors

et al. 2022

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An efficient near-infrared quantum cutting process by cooperative down-conversion of active Bi3+ and Nd3+ ions was demonstrated in Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors. In particular, the near-infrared emission of Nd3+ ions enhanced by Bi3+ ions of a series of novel Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ microcrystalline powders doped with Nd3+ ions in various concentrations was investigated. In order to investigate the luminescent properties of BTBO:Nd3+ powders, the excitation and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay time were measured and analyzed. In particular, the emission of Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ at 890 and 1064 nm was excited at 327 nm (via energy transfer from Bi3+ ions) and at 586.4 nm (directly by Nd3+ ions). The highest intensity emission bands in near-infrared were detected in the spectra of Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ doped with 5.0 and 0.5 at.% of Nd3+ ions upon excitation in ultraviolet and visible spectral range, respectively. The fluorescence decay lifetime monitored at 1064 nm for Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ powders shows the single- or double-exponential character depending on the concentrations of Nd3+ ions. The possible mechanisms of energy relaxation after excitation Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ powders in ultraviolet or visible spectral range were discussed. The investigated Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors efficiently concentrate the ultraviolet/visible radiation in the near-infrared spectral range and can be potentially used as effective spectral converters. Graphical abstract

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Solar Spectrum Conversion for Photovoltaics Using Nanoparticles

Cited by 19 publications

References 137 publications

Light source selection for a solar simulator for thermal applications: A review

Light source selection for a solar simulator for thermal applications: A review

Exploiting non-trivial spatio-temporal correlations of thermal radiation for sunlight harvesting

Efficient near-infrared quantum cutting by cooperative energy transfer in Bi3TeBO9:Nd3+ phosphors

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