Solar radiation distribution inside a greenhouse with south-oriented photovoltaic roofs and effects on crop productivity

Cossu, Marco; Murgia, Lelia; Ledda, Luigi; Deligios, Paola A.; Sirigu, A.; Chessa, F.; Pazzona, Antonio Luigi

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.07.070

Cited by 213 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…A lot of evidence is available, showing the importance and the positive effect of solar radiation on the grain yield [9,[58][59][60]. Stanhill [61] reported a globally average solar radiation reduction of 0.43 MJ/day/m 2 per decade, which was lower than the NCD average reduction.…”

Section: Effects Of Climate Factors On Regional and National Food Secmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Meteorological Elements in the North China District of China during 1960–2015

Yang

Yin

et al. 2018

Water

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Abstract:The North China District (NCD) is one of the main grain production regions in China. The double cropping system of irrigation has been leading to the groundwater table decline at the speed of 1-2 m per year. Climate change leads to uncertainty surrounding the future of the NCD agricultural system, which will have great effects on crop yields and crop water demands. In this research, the Meteorological dataset from 54 weather station sites over the period 1960-2015 were collected to quantify the long-term spatial and temporal trends of meteorological data, including daily minimum temperature (T min ), maximum temperature (T max ), precipitation, solar radiation, reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ), and aridity index (AI). The results show that the long-term wheat and maize growing season and annual average air temperatures (T min and T max ) showed strong north to south increasing trends throughout the NCD. The average annual precipitation was 632.9 mm across the NCD, more than 70% of which was concentrated in the maize growing season. The regional average annual ET 0 was 1026.1 mm, which was 531.2 and 497.4 mm for the wheat and maize growing season, respectively. The regional precipitation decreased from northwest to southeast in each growing season and annual timescale. The funnel areas have lower precipitation and higher ET 0 than the regional average, which may lead to the mining of the groundwater funnel area. The regional average annual AI is 0.63, which lies in the humid class. For temporal analysis, the regional average trends in annual T min , T max , solar radiation, ET 0 , precipitation, and AI were 0.37 • C/10a, 0.15 • C/10a, −0.28 MJ/day/m 2 /10a, −2.98 mm/10a, −12.04 mm/10a, and 0.005/10a, respectively. The increasing trend of temperature and the decreasing trend of solar radiation may have a negative effect on the regional food security. The funnel area AI showed a significant increasing trend for the winter wheat growing season and a decreasing trend for maize, which indicated that more irrigation will be needed for the maize growing season and the winter fallow policy may lead to the increasing trend precipitation being wasted. Analyzing the growing season and the annual meteorological elements of the spatiotemporal trends can help us better understand the influence of climate change on the natural resources and agricultural development in both the past and the future, and will provide us with invaluable information for the modification of cropping patterns to protect the regional and national water and food security.

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Section: Effects Of Climate Factors On Regional and National Food Secmentioning

confidence: 95%

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Meteorological Elements in the North China District of China during 1960–2015

Yang

Yin

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Except for lettuce which has been discussed before, studies have been conducted on Welsh onion, tomato, wild rocket, basil and zucchini (Kadowaki et al, 2012;Ureña-Sánchez et al, 2012;Minuto et al, 2009;Cossu et al, 2014;Buttaro et al, 2016). Although the inherent characteristics of different species or varieties of the same species may play a role for the plant growth response against shading (Marrou et al, 2013), the PV induced shading effect on plants' growth characteristics and crop productivity seems to depend on several other factors, too.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Plants Cultivated under Photovoltaic Panels

Kavga

Trypanagnostopoulos

Zervoudakis

et al. 2018

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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Energy demand of greenhouses is an important factor for their economics and photovoltaics can be considered an alternative solution to cover their electrical and heating needs. On the other hand, plants cultivated under different solar radiation intensities usually appear different physiological adaptations. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of photovoltaic panels' induced partial shading on growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants. Our results indicate that lettuce productivity and the corresponding photosynthetic rate were not affected under the photovoltaic cultivation in comparison with the reference one. On the other hand, the rocket cultivation was less productive and showed lower photosynthetic rate under photovoltaic panels than in the reference greenhouse. The different physiological response between lettuce and rocket seems to be associated with the effect of environmental factors such as solar radiation intensity, temperature and humidity apart from the possible inherent characteristics of each plant species.

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“…This possibility allows the solar radiation to be used to produce energy from photovoltaic elements instead of being lost with shading nets (Yano et al, 2009(Yano et al, , 2010Kadowaki et al, 2012;Marucci et al, 2012Marucci et al, , 2013aMarucci et al, , 2013bCossu et al, 2014;Yano et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Italian laws assign a threshold value, usually 25-50% of the projection on the soil, for the roof (Tudisca et al, 2013;Cossu et al, 2014). These ranges, designed to avoid financial speculation (maximizing the government incentive to the detriment of crop production), seem not to be based on scientific results concerning the agricultural performance required from the photovoltaic greenhouse but only on experiential assessments (Castellano et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the internal shading in a photovoltaic greenhouse tunnel

Marucci

Monarca

Colantoni

et al. 2017

J Agricult Engineer

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In recent years, the increasing interest in energy production from renewable energy sources has led to photovoltaic elements being placed on greenhouse coverings. The shading of crops by these elements can, however, cause problems regarding the normal course of agricultural activity. All studies thus far on the application of photovoltaic (PV) panels as a greenhouse covering material have focused on flat roof structures. Tunnel greenhouses, due to their curved shape, do not lend themselves easily to accommodating PV panels on even part of the cover. In this study, we analysed the shading variation inside a tunnel greenhouse that was produced by applying flexible and transparent PV panels in a checkerboard arrangement. The transparent flexible PV panels are manufactured using monocrystalline silicon cells, with an efficiency of 18%, incorporated into polymers with high resistance. The PV panel dimensions are 1.116×0.165 m. The simulation software Autodesk® Autocad2010® was used for this study. The variation and distribution of the shading percentage of PV panels were analysed in relation to the surface area affected by the photovoltaic roof, the total area of the greenhouse and the section of the greenhouse. In particular, we studied the variations in the percentage of shading and the size of the shaded area on the twenty-first day of each month of the year. The results show some regularity in the shading percentage, mainly due to the curvilinear shape of the section of the greenhouse. From mid-March to midSeptember, the shading in the middle of the day is almost always inside the greenhouse. In the other months of the year, it is partly inside and partly outside the tunnel greenhouse. With the photovoltaic arrangement adopted, the percentage of shading during the year never exceeds 40%.

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Solar radiation distribution inside a greenhouse with south-oriented photovoltaic roofs and effects on crop productivity

Cited by 213 publications

References 54 publications

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Meteorological Elements in the North China District of China during 1960–2015

Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Meteorological Elements in the North China District of China during 1960–2015

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) Plants Cultivated under Photovoltaic Panels

Analysis of the internal shading in a photovoltaic greenhouse tunnel

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