Solar Radiation Changes in Japan during the 20th Century: Evidence from Sunshine Duration Measurements

Stanhill, G.; Cohen, Shabtai

doi:10.2151/jmsj.86.57

Cited by 60 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Most of these studies were cited and summarized in Wild's review article [1]. This variation is generally in agreement with the trends in independent data sources (regional and global), such as sunshine duration and daily air temperature, as seen in the studies of Stanhill and Cohen [2], Sanchez-Lorenzo et al [3], Sanchez-Lorenzo et al [4], and Türkeş et al [5].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Trend analysis of 41 years of sunshine duration data for Turkey

Yıldırım¹,

Yılmaz²,

Akinoglu³

2013

Turkish J Eng Env Sci

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Accurate knowledge of solar irradiation reaching the earth's surface is one of the most important pieces of information to use in global warming studies. In this respect, trend analysis of solar irradiation data for the long term is an essential evaluation method of climate change. Sunshine duration data have been recorded for many years, directly correlated to solar irradiation. Therefore, trend analysis of sunshine duration data is also an important research topic of climate change. Global research from different regions of the earth showed diming (1950s to about 1980s) and brightening (about 1980s to recent years) periods in solar irradiation. The present work aims to obtain the trends of the measured sunshine duration over Turkey. Seasonal and yearly bright sunshine hours of 36 selected stations are used and quite similar trends are seen. A decreasing trend (between 1970 to about 1990) is clearly identified for most of the stations. Nevertheless, the increasing period after 1990 is not so clear; however, we observed either zero trend variation or a reduction in the rate of decrease of sunshine duration for most of the locations. The decreasing period might be attributed to human-induced air pollution.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Trend analysis of 41 years of sunshine duration data for Turkey

Yıldırım¹,

Yılmaz²,

Akinoglu³

2013

Turkish J Eng Env Sci

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“…This view of local and regional origins of wide spatial climatic co-variations and responses is consistent with the emphasis on relatively high net solar radiation reaching the surface at various locations in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., Stanhill and Cohen, 2008), or at other warm-pool regions (e.g., Pavlakis et al, 2008), as a driving force for the fast-coupled air-sea responses that are coherent over broad spatial extent van Loon and Meehl, 2008). Finally, an important practical concept of the "modulated annual cycle," which accounts for the intrinsic nonlinearity of the weather-climate forcings and feedbacks, has been recently developed by .…”

Section: The Solar Arctic-mediated Climate Variation On Multidecadal supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Huybers and Curry (2006) recently re-initiated such research by seeking to connect the annual and Milankovitch cycles to the in-between continuum temperature variability in terms of the response to deterministic insolation forcing. Coincidentally, the multidecadal to centennial timescales discussed in the present study are similar to the recognized transitional timescale of Huybers and Curry (2006), who proposed that the annual cycle, with assistance from the oceanstorage delays, served to extend the continuum temperature variability from months to decades, while the Milankovitch orbital forcing cycles, with assistance from nonlinear ice-sheet dynamics, drove the continuum temperature variability to higherfrequency timescales of millennia.This view of local and regional origins of wide spatial climatic co-variations and responses is consistent with the emphasis on relatively high net solar radiation reaching the surface at various locations in the Pacific Ocean (e.g., Stanhill and Cohen, 2008), or at other warm-pool regions (e.g., Pavlakis et al, 2008), as a driving force for the fast-coupled air-sea responses that are coherent over broad spatial extent van Loon and Meehl, 2008). Finally, an important practical concept of the "modulated annual cycle," which accounts for the intrinsic nonlinearity of the weather-climate forcings and feedbacks, has been recently developed by .…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Solar Arctic-Mediated Climate Variation on Multidecadal to Centennial Timescales: Empirical Evidence, Mechanistic Explanation, and Testable Consequences

Soon

2009

Physical Geography

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showed that the variable total solar irradiance (TSI) could explain, rather surprisingly, well over 75% of the variance for the decadally smoothed Arctic-wide surface air temperature over the past 130 years. The present paper provides additional empirical evidence for this physical connection, both through several newly published high-resolution paleo-proxy records and through robust climate-process modeling outputs. This paper proposes a mechanistic explanation, involving: (1) the variable strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) or thermohaline circulation (THC); (2) the shift and modulation of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) rainbelt and tropical Atlantic ocean conditions; and (3) the intensity of the wind-driven subtropical and subpolar gyre circulation, across both the North Atlantic and North Pacific. A unique test of this proposed solar TSI-Arctic thermal-salinity-cryospheric coupling mechanism is the 5-to 20-year delay effect on the peak Atlantic MOC flow rate centered near 30-35°N, and on sea surface temperature (SST) for the tropical Atlantic. The solar Arctic-mediated climate mechanism on multidecadal to centennial timescales presented here can be compared with and differentiated from both the related solar TSI and UV irradiance forcing on decadal timescales. The ultimate goal of this research is to gain sufficient mechanistic details so that the proposed solar-Arctic climate connection on multidecadal to centennial timescales can be confirmed or falsified. A further incentive is to expand this physical connection to longer, millennial-scale variability as motivated by the multiscale climate interactions shown by Braun et al. (2005), Weng (2005), and Dima and Lohmann (2009) . THE SOLAR ARCTIC-MEDIATED CLIMATE VARIATION ON MULTIDECADAL TO CENTENNIAL TIMESCALESPaleoclimatic proxies show ubiquitous, multidecadal to centennial-scale variabilities that may ultimately be associated with the persistent forcing by solar irradiance variability as properly projected and amplified through the annual progression of the Earth around the Sun (Table A1, Appendix). The present study indirectly assumes the optimal climatic response filter of the Earth ocean-atmosphere-ice system to peak around such multidecadal to centennial scales, which can be taken to be roughly 50 to 500 years (i.e., much less than 1000 years). The challenge of this research, then, must lie in the identification of relevant and/or dominant centers of climatic action (COAs; Table 1 lists acronyms used in this paper) and interactions among those COAs (Christoforou and Hameed, 1997;Rodionov et al., 2005;Huth et al., 2006;Lim et al., 2006). Huth et al. (2006) found a general tendency for atmospheric circulation modes 1 to be more zonal, with COAs covering wider areas and ARCTIC-MEDIATED CLIMATE VARIATION 145 teleconnection among different regions spanning longer distances when solar activity is strong. The hard task of separating the dynamics of the teleconnection from the actual physical mechanisms at CO...

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“…According to Sanchez-Lorenzo et al, (2009) sunshine duration is defined as the amount of time, usually expressed in number of hours, that direct solar radiation exceeds a certain threshold (usually taken at 120Wm -2 ). This variable is considered and used in the present work as an excellent proxy measure of global solar radiation (Stanhill and Cohen, 2008;Liang and Xia, 2005). The main objective of this study is to examine the trends in sunshine duration in Nigeria using sunshine hours records in 20 synoptic stations for the period 1961 -2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%