Solar PV policy framework of Indian States: Overview, pitfalls, challenges, and improvements

Tarai, Rakesh Kumar; Kale, Paresh

doi:10.1016/j.ref.2018.07.001

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Karnataka started its solar mission for the period of 2014 to 2021. Madhya-Pradesh started its solar policy in 2012 and provided the incentives and benefits to the Private Sector to encourage the PV installation [145]. To initiate the government target, several commercial investors came in front.…”

Section: Potential Of Bipv/bapv In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India—A Review

et al. 2020

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The photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most promising technologies that generate benevolent electricity. Therefore, fossil fuel-generated electric power plants, that emit an enormous amount of greenhouse gases, can be replaced by the PV power plant. However, due to its lower efficiency than a traditional power plant, and to generate equal amount of power, a large land area is required for the PV power plant. Also, transmission and distribution losses are intricate issues for PV power plants. Therefore, the inclusion of PV into a building is one of the holistic approaches which reduce the necessity for such large land areas. Building-integrated and building attached/applied are the two types where PV can be included in the building. Building applied/attached PV(BAPV) indicates that the PV system is added/attached or applied to a building, whereas, building integrated PV (BIPV) illustrates the concept of replacing the traditional building envelop, such as window, wall, roof by PV. In India, applying PV on a building is growing due to India’s solar mission target for 2022. In 2015, through Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission, India targeted to achieve 100 GW PV power of which 40 GW will be acquired from roof-integrated PV by 2022. By the end of December 2019, India achieved 33.7 GW total installed PV power. Also, green/zero energy/and sustainable buildings are gaining significance in India due to rapid urbanization. However, BIPV system is rarely used in India which is likely due to a lack of government support and public awareness. This work reviewed the status of BIPV/BAPV system in India. The BIPV window system can probably be the suitable BIPV product for Indian context to reduce the building’s HVAC load.

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Section: Potential Of Bipv/bapv In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India—A Review

et al. 2020

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“…[ 2 ] Solar PV and wind energy conversion systems convert input energy directly to electricity, are techno‐economically viable, and have already achieved grid parity. [ 3,4 ] Though renewables fulfill most modern energy‐source criteria, they still possess low energy density, are challenging to transport, less efficient, costly, and are intrinsically intermittent, thus requiring a storage media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Sahoo

Kale

2021

Adv Materials Inter

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Solar PV and wind energy conversion systems convert input energy directly to electricity, are techno-economically viable, and have already achieved grid parity. [3,4] Though renewables fulfill most modern energysource criteria, they still possess low energy density, are challenging to transport, less efficient, costly, and are intrinsically intermittent, thus requiring a storage media.Hydrogen, a less popular renewable, can be used as a fuel as apart from being abundant gas, possesses high energy density, [5] exhibits better combustion characteristics, [5] owes a nonpolluting nature, [6] and has several other favorable properties, listed in Table 1. Hydrogen is a promising alternative energy source [6,7] that overcomes most of the challenges faced by classical renewables.Figure 2 describes hydrogen energy transformation from primary energy sources to the end-users in an integrated way. The hydrogen production, storage, transportation and delivery, application, awareness and capacity building, safety codes and standards are all interrelated to form the hydrogen energy system. The two prime methods of producing hydrogen are i) from the conventional process, and ii) using renewable energy sources (such as biomass, solar, wind, and hydro). Hydrogen possesses significantly higher gravimetric energy density than other storage techniques (such as batteries, pumped hydropower, supercapacitors, Flywheels, pressurized air). The use of abundant renewable energy when available, hydrogen production, and storage is an optimal choice. Hydrogen can be stored as pressurized gas or as a cryogenic liquid or solid fuel. [27] Storage of hydrogen as a gas typically requires high-pressure tanks (350-700 bar tank pressure). Due to the low boiling point (−252.8 °C at atmospheric pressure), liquid hydrogen storage requires cryogenic temperature.The conventional conversion of fossil fuel feedstock to hydrogen includes steam-methane reforming, thermal cracking of natural gas, thermal decomposition (partial oxidation) of heavy oil, catalytic decomposition of natural gas, coal gasification, and steam-iron coal gasification. [20][21][22][23][24][25] When released into the atmosphere, the conventional methods generate CO 2 as a by-product, assisting global warming. The generation of renewable hydrogen makes it more economical and environmentally benign. Electrolysis uses electrical power supplied from renewables to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Biomass routes Hydrogen, a nonpolluting gas, is emerging as an ideal, suitable, and economical energy carrier. The current global non-carbon hydrogen production is 105.8 MW in 2020 and is expected to reach 218 MW in 2021. Hydrogen possesses low ignition energy of 0.017 mJ and reacts exothermically with air, posing severe safety challenges. Humanly undetectable gas needs accurate and sensitive sensors to prevent accidents. Amongst different hydrogen sensors currently developed, work function-based sensors are sensitive, selective, costeffective, smaller in size, less susceptible to environmental change, an...

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“…12 For instance, Karnataka Solar Policy, 2014 to 2021, has anticipated a target of installing a capacity of 2000 MW by 2021 by providing tax concessions, and net metering provision to the consumers. 13,14 Solar developments in Rajasthan have progressed substantially, in recent years. Many factors have driven this development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electricity Regulatory Commissions of Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat have also issued guidelines to gear up the states' efforts for the initiated deviations in the PV manufacturing, electricity generation, and costing 12 . For instance, Karnataka Solar Policy, 2014 to 2021, has anticipated a target of installing a capacity of 2000 MW by 2021 by providing tax concessions, and net metering provision to the consumers 13,14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance evaluation and degradation analysis of different photovoltaic technologies under arid conditions

Chawla

Tikkiwal

2020

Int J Energy Res

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The world has witnessed a substantial upsurge in energy demand in the recent decades, which has concurrently led to increased environmental contamination due to the use of carbon-based fuels to meet this demand. The increased pollution levels across the globe combined with the rapid depletion of these carbon-based non-renewable sources of energy has forced nations to adopt cleaner sources such as solar energy, wind energy, biomass etc. for meeting energy requirements. Utilities and power transmission companies, in several countries, have begun installation and operation of large-scale solar energy projects in order to augment the present electricity generation capacity. India has a tremendous potential for solar energy as 58% of the total land area receives an average solar insolation above 5 kWh/m 2 /day, annually. However, PV installations require proper economic formulation and technical modelling of PV plants. The study presented in this paper investigates the feasibility of installing a 1 MW grid-connected PV system in the arid climatic conditions of India. Four different regions of the Thar Desert: Barmer, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, and Kalan Ghat have been considered for the study. A comparative study has been laid out based on energy yields, losses, and degradation of various module technologies namely Mono-Si, Poly-Si, CdTe, and CIS. The performance of the PV systems has been evaluated both in the fixed-tilt and variable-tilt configurations. Simulation results show that the daily yield in winter months ranges between 5.8 and 6.9 MWh/day whereas, during summer, it ranges between 5 and 7.1 MWh/day. The study suggests that CIS module is expected to produce highest annual energy yield of 2471 MWh with a PR of 86.1%, in the variable-tilt configuration for the Jaisalmer region. Annual energy loss due to temperature is expected to be highest for Mono-Si technology (14.4%) in the variable-tilt configuration and lowest for CIS technology (9.4%) in the fixed-tilt configuation. Moreover, mismatch losses for all the four technologies lie in the range of 0.1-1.1%.

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Solar PV policy framework of Indian States: Overview, pitfalls, challenges, and improvements

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India—A Review

Status of BIPV and BAPV System for Less Energy-Hungry Building in India—A Review

Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review

Performance evaluation and degradation analysis of different photovoltaic technologies under arid conditions

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