Solar-powered regenerative PEM electrolyzer/fuel cell system

“…In Ref. [21], the PEM electrolyzer generated enough gas to raise the system pressure from 221 to 758 kPa. The power demand rose minimally, from 278.1 W to 282.2 W, or an increase of only 1.5%.…”

Section: Electrolyzermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, taking a reasonable efficiency value of 0.7, the rated power of the compressor will be 2.2 kW as obtained by Eq. (21). It requires 0.0536 kWh power to compress 9.33 mol hydrogen gases.…”

Section: Hydrogen Compressormentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modeling and sizing optimization of stand-alone photovoltaic power systems using hybrid energy storage technology

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c tEconomic and environmental concerns over fossil fuels encourage the development of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. Due to the intermittent nature of solar energy, energy storage is needed in a stand-alone PV system for the purpose of ensuring continuous power flow. Three stand-alone photovoltaic power systems using different energy storage technologies are studied in this paper. Key components including PV modules, fuel cells, electrolyzers, compressors, hydrogen tanks and batteries are modeled in a clear way so as to facilitate the evaluation of the power systems. Based on energy storage technology, a method of ascertaining minimal system configuration is designed to perform the sizing optimization and reveal the correlations between the system cost and the system efficiency. The three hybrid power systems, i.e., photovoltaic/battery (PV/Battery) system, photovoltaic/fuel cell (PV/FC) system, and photovoltaic/fuel cell/battery (PV/FC/Battery) system, are optimized, analyzed and compared. The obtained results indicate that maximizing the system efficiency while minimizing system cost is a multi-objective optimization problem. As a trade-off solution to the problem, the proposed PV/FC/Battery hybrid system is found to be the configuration with lower cost, higher efficiency and less PV modules as compared with either single storage system.

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“…In hydrogen storage systems, hydrogen is generated with an electrolyzer when the power demand of the grid is less than the power delivered by RES. The stored hydrogen can be utilized for electricity generation by means of a fuel cell in peak demand intervals [26]. The low working temperature of PEM fuel cells power plants, which is between 80 • C to 100 • C, and their fast startup are the significant advantages of these types of fuel cell power plants which are best suited for residential and vehicular applications [27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According toFig. 9, the heat production of CHP1 unit is more than those of other production units, because its cost26 function is less than those of other units. Moreover, the cost function of the boiler is high in comparison with other generation units, and the boiler will not take part in heat generation.Case Study C:The impact of TOU-DR program on MG scheduling: This case is analyzed for the determination of DRP's impact on the solution of MG scheduling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%