Solar photocatalytic removal of herbicides from real water by using sol–gel synthesized nanocrystalline TiO2: Operational parameters optimization and toxicity studies

Photocatalytic Semiconductors

“…In case of 2,4-D herbicide, the main intermediate 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) showed higher toxic effect than the parental herbicide that was reduced during the photocatalytic treatment by using the synthesized TiO 2 photocatalyst. Neither bentazon nor its degradation products had any significant toxic effects on Vibrio fischeri bacteria at the evaluated irradiation times (Seck et al 2013).…”

“…3, depending on the preparation method, the surface and structural semiconductor properties can be modified, affecting the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor (Seck et al 2013;Ruggieri et al 2011;Kanmoni et al 2012). In this way, Table 6.4 summarizes some examples of the application of synthesized TiO 2 and ZnO for the removal of organic pollutants.…”

“…An improved photocatalytic activity under solar light was observed using solgel TiO 2 compared to Degussa P25 TiO 2 on the degradation of methylene blue and congo red (Bin Mukhlish et al 2013) and pesticides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and bentazon in real water at natural pH (6.8-7.8) (Seck et al 2012(Seck et al , 2013. For pesticides, the toxicity of the treated solutions was evaluated using the Microtox ® test.…”

TiO2 Solar Photocatalytic Reactor Systems: Selection of Reactor Design for Scale-up and Commercialization—Analytical Review

“…More than 1000 substances have been tested [2]. Advanced oxidation using TiO 2 offer potential treatment opportunities for: tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater [3,4], for removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals [5][6][7] and disinfection [8,9], especially effluents containing pathogens resistant to chlorination [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]; treatment of hazardous effluents from hospitals [17,18]; industrial effluents from pulp and paper [19][20][21][22], dairy manufacturing [23], textile dyeing [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], agricultural oil mills and distilleries [32,33], and pharmaceutical industry [34][35][36][37]; wastewater effluents containing phenols [38][39][40][41] and chlorophenols [42,43], herbicides and pesticides [44][45][46], ammonia [4...…”

Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol using BiVO₄ Powder Prepared by the Sol–gel Method

“…The use of photocatalysis technology for destruction of the organic pollutants in water is an interesting method which can replace the traditional methods. In this technique, the active species such as OH  , O2 ¯ and hole (h + ) are generated by light energy and performed the degradation of organic pollutants [11][12]. The semiconductors have been found to exhibit organic substance degradation under light irradiation such as TiO2 and ZnO have been widely studied and worked.…”