“…A final implication of our results is support for models of a photoperiod-stimulated ovary production cycle in birds (Zivkovic et al 2000;Cooper et al 2011;Voss & Cooper 2013). The temporal organization of behavioral and cellular events, as controlled by circadian clocks, enables organisms to synchronize behaviors and physiological processes with their external environment (Cassone & Menaker 1984;Bell-Pederson et al 2005;Sahar & Sassone-Corsi 2012).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 58%
“…An alternative, mechanistic approach, is to examine clutch dynamics within its heterochronic dimensions, namely as a sequence of phenological events (egg laying) with a start time, a frequency, and a termination time. Haywood 2013 (andreviewed in Voss andCooper 2013) demonstrated circumstances where the trait (or suite of traits) under selection was not the number of eggs in a clutch (an ordinal trait that we measure quantitatively) but the physiological mechanisms controlling the laying sequence. Birds have many neuroendocrine functions that are activated and regulated by sunlight.…”
Near ubiquitous reproductive trends across taxa follow a pattern in
which output increases with latitudes and decreases with calendar date.
Research grounded in life history theory provides separate ultimate
explanations for latitudinal and seasonal trends. Here we frame these
dual trends as a Simpson’s paradox and attempt to gain insights into
proximate cues that might account for both simultaneously. Using citizen
science data on Eastern bluebirds, we found highest support for a model
of clutch size based on change in day length at clutch initiation.
Describing reproductive trends based on non-biologically relevant
constructs of latitude and calendar date obscured links between
proximate and ultimate explanations. For birds, our findings are
consistent with an internal coincidence model of circadian rhythmicity
as a proximate control of clutch size. Other avian studies might benefit
from viewing clutch size as a circadian behavior of clutch initiation
and termination rather than a quantified trait.
“…A final implication of our results is support for models of a photoperiod-stimulated ovary production cycle in birds (Zivkovic et al 2000;Cooper et al 2011;Voss & Cooper 2013). The temporal organization of behavioral and cellular events, as controlled by circadian clocks, enables organisms to synchronize behaviors and physiological processes with their external environment (Cassone & Menaker 1984;Bell-Pederson et al 2005;Sahar & Sassone-Corsi 2012).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 58%
“…An alternative, mechanistic approach, is to examine clutch dynamics within its heterochronic dimensions, namely as a sequence of phenological events (egg laying) with a start time, a frequency, and a termination time. Haywood 2013 (andreviewed in Voss andCooper 2013) demonstrated circumstances where the trait (or suite of traits) under selection was not the number of eggs in a clutch (an ordinal trait that we measure quantitatively) but the physiological mechanisms controlling the laying sequence. Birds have many neuroendocrine functions that are activated and regulated by sunlight.…”
Near ubiquitous reproductive trends across taxa follow a pattern in
which output increases with latitudes and decreases with calendar date.
Research grounded in life history theory provides separate ultimate
explanations for latitudinal and seasonal trends. Here we frame these
dual trends as a Simpson’s paradox and attempt to gain insights into
proximate cues that might account for both simultaneously. Using citizen
science data on Eastern bluebirds, we found highest support for a model
of clutch size based on change in day length at clutch initiation.
Describing reproductive trends based on non-biologically relevant
constructs of latitude and calendar date obscured links between
proximate and ultimate explanations. For birds, our findings are
consistent with an internal coincidence model of circadian rhythmicity
as a proximate control of clutch size. Other avian studies might benefit
from viewing clutch size as a circadian behavior of clutch initiation
and termination rather than a quantified trait.
“…Our results, however, suggest that the differences between first and second clutches are related more to timing of nest initiation than to individual ability to acquire the nutrients needed to produce a large second clutch of eggs. Presumably this is related to the trade-off between clutch size and offspring reproductive value that occurs at the individual level, as described earlier (Rowe et al 1994), and may be triggered by physiological cues that are not explicitly related to nutrition (Voss and Cooper 2013). We do not mean to suggest that nutrition does not influence the clutch size of individuals-clearly it does, as we discussed above.…”
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