“…Observations and simulations were qualitatively and quantitatively consistent in the equatorial/tropical band and support the hypothesis of a direct photochemical ozone response in addition to a direct radiative heating by solar ultraviolet variations. However, some observations of temperature changes, mainly at higher latitudes (Chandra, 1985(Chandra, , 1986Chanin and Keckhut, 1991;Hauchecorne et al, 1991;Keckhut, 1995;Hood and Jirikowic, 1991) and in the lower stratosphere (Labitzke and van Loon, 1988) show larger responses that were not reproduced by models and cannot be explained by chemical and radiative considerations alone. On the 11-year time scale, ozone responds qualitatively as predicted by photochemical models (McCormack and Hood, 1996;Chandra, 1986) with some differences in magnitude, while the upper stratospheric temperature responds as expected only in the equatorial/tropical region (Keckhut et al, 2005).…”