Solar-Hydrogen Energy: An Effective Combination of Two Alternative Energy Sources That Can Meet the Energy Requirements of Mobile Robots

Abstract

Abstract. The continued reliance on fossil fuels for energy, although cheap, is just not sustainable. Fossil fuels have very limited reserves and cannot be expected to last indefinitely. Besides, the process involved in producing energy from fossil fuels releases harmful carbon emissions into the atmosphere resulting in a greenhouse effect and consequently global warming with disastrous effects on climate change. This makes it imperative to seek alternative energy sources which are renewable i.e. in constant supply as well as clean and do not cause harmful effects on climate or cause pollution. Alternative energy sources such as solar and hydrogen, although both clean and renewable, do have their limitations, but this study demonstrates that these challenges can be overcome by effectively combining these two energy sources so that the one complements the other in a way that is workable in a combined system which can meet the energy requirements of modern technologies such as an industrial mobile robot.

Bubble‐pen lithography: Fundamentals and applications

“…[ 128 – 130 ] Since hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, and highly flammable gas, the detection of production and leakage of hydrogen is essential to facilitate its applications as a safe energy source. [ 131 , 132 ] Palladium (Pd) is widely used to detect hydrogen via dissociative absorption. Current fabrication methods for Pd-based hydrogen sensors involve a two-step process: synthesis of Pd crystals and deposition of the crystals into prescribed patterns.…”

Hydrogen from solar energy, a clean energy carrier from a sustainable source of energy

“…Electrolysis of water is a common technique for hydrogen production where electricity breaks water into hydrogen (clean energy carrier) and oxygen (a safe by‐product) . Same as gasoline, hydrogen is a highly flammable fuel; however, compared with gasoline flame that spreads at the ground level, hydrogen flame shoots up vertically because of its buoyancy (14.4 times lighter than air) …”

“…5 Same as gasoline, hydrogen is a highly flammable fuel; however, compared with gasoline flame that spreads at the ground level, hydrogen flame shoots up vertically because of its buoyancy (14.4 times lighter than air). 6 As a versatile fuel, hydrogen is generated from a wide range of resources and applied in several ways across the entire energy sectors. Based on the various sources, hydrogen can be categorized to "gray hydrogen" (hydrogen from natural gas [NG] without carbon sequestration), "blue hydrogen" (hydrogen from NG with CCS), and "green hydrogen" (hydrogen from renewable energy without producing carbon emissions in the first place).…”