Solar geoengineering economics: From incredible to inevitable and half‐way back

Harding, Anthony; Moreno‐Cruz, Juan

doi:10.1002/2016ef000462

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…We identify and illustrate challenges and the intrinsic complexity that arises in a comparative assessment of CE. Rather than investigating technical or economic feasibility of the CE methods, which may in the end be additional important factors to account for in an assessment of CE and are discussed, for example, by Klepper and Rickels (), NRC (, ), Harding and Moreno‐Cruz (), Moriyama et al (), and Niemeier and Tilmes (), we focus on studying the simulated Earth system response to a potential deployment of the methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System

et al. 2018

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To contribute to a quantitative comparison of climate engineering (CE) methods, we assess atmosphere‐, ocean‐, and land‐based CE measures with respect to Earth system effects consistently within one comprehensive model. We use the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) with prognostic carbon cycle to compare solar radiation management (SRM) by stratospheric sulfur injection and two carbon dioxide removal methods: afforestation and ocean alkalinization. The CE model experiments are designed to offset the effect of fossil‐fuel burning on global mean surface air temperature under the RCP8.5 scenario to follow or get closer to the RCP4.5 scenario. Our results show the importance of feedbacks in the CE effects. For example, as a response to SRM the land carbon uptake is enhanced by 92 Gt by the year 2100 compared to the reference RCP8.5 scenario due to reduced soil respiration thus reducing atmospheric CO2. Furthermore, we show that normalizations allow for a better comparability of different CE methods. For example, we find that due to compensating processes such as biogeophysical effects of afforestation more carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere by afforestation than by alkalinization to reach the same global warming reduction. Overall, we illustrate how different CE methods affect the components of the Earth system; we identify challenges arising in a CE comparison, and thereby contribute to developing a framework for a comparative assessment of CE.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System

et al. 2018

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“…One prominent vein is interested in the international political dynamics around SRM, forming a body of gametheoretic modeling studies that simulate the strategic actions of states regarding the development or deployment of SRM (Harding and Moreno-Cruz 2016), with implications for some outcome of interest to the study: for example, the formation of coalitions of SRM-capable states in Ricke et al (2013), environmental treaty formation in Millard-Ball (2012), or emission reductions in Urpelainen (2012). These calculations unfold according to some set of covering laws: notably, states are represented as rational, strategic and unitary maximizers of benefits and minimizers of costs, following the concept of a 'homo oeconomicus' imported from microeconomic theory.…”

Section: Deductive Reasoning In Socio-political Inquirymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools of the trade: practices and politics of researching the future in climate engineering

Low

Schäfer

2019

Sustain Sci

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Making sense of the implications of climate engineering approaches (solar radiation management, SRM; and carbon dioxide removal, CDR) at planetary scales occurs via a host of methods that calculate, project, and imagine the future in distinct ways. We take a systemic and synthesizing view of some of the (inter)disciplinary methods by which these futures are derived: climate and integrated assessment modeling, 'deductive' modes of social science inquiry, deliberative stakeholder engagement, and foresight-based scenarios. We speak to the epistemologies, objectives, and user communities surrounding these research practices, highlighting that different modes of constructing and interpreting evidence about an unformed future yield different kinds of results and signals for actions to be taken. We show how different methods for exploring 'futures' form an evolving history of how the risks of CE have been assessed (or constructed), and conclude by echoing calls for a stronger shared understanding of the practices and politics that underpin future-oriented research.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…Recent reviews have distilled the contributions of economics to the study of solar geoengineering (154)(155)(156). Unlike these earlier reviews, this section deals with aspects related to the governance of geoengineering: optimal policy design, or the normative view of the world and the creation of futures; uncertainty and the risks involved in dealing with new technologies; and inequality and fairness, the study of how heterogeneous outcomes affect decisions by interested parties, with particular attention to the role of the free driver.…”

Section: Economic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Geoengineering: Social Science, Legal, Ethical, and Economic Frameworks

Flegal

Hubert

Morrow

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour.

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Solar geoengineering research in the social sciences and humanities has largely evolved in parallel with research in the natural sciences. In this article, we review the current state of the literature on the ethical, legal, economic, and social science aspects of this emerging area. We discuss issues regarding the framing and futures of solar geoengineering, empirical social science on public views and public engagement, the evolution of ethical concerns regarding research and deployment, and the current legal and economic frameworks and emerging proposals for the regulation and governance of solar geoengineering.

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Solar geoengineering economics: From incredible to inevitable and half‐way back

Cited by 36 publications

References 56 publications

Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System

Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System

Tools of the trade: practices and politics of researching the future in climate engineering

Solar Geoengineering: Social Science, Legal, Ethical, and Economic Frameworks

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