Solar cells based on poly(3-alkyl)thiophenes and [60]fullerene: a comparative study

Methanofullerenes from Macrocyclic Malonates

“…General Remarks: Compounds 3a, [5d] 3b, [5c] 5 [8] and 7b [30] were synthesised as described previously. All commercially available compounds were purchased from Aldrich and used as received.…”

High Molecular Weights, Polydispersities, and Annealing Temperatures in the Optimization of Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells Based on Poly(3-hexylthiophene) or Poly(3-butylthiophene)

“…480 nm. [20,21] As Figure 10 and Table 1 detail, the higher fine structures in the UV-vis spectra were not available even to P3BTs with chain lengths of 40 or more units within their molecular weight distribution. Interestingly though, P3BT-1 showed the highest value of k max (488 nm) and an absorption around 10 % greater than that of P3BT-2 and P3BT-3.…”

“…Similar behaviors were also reported for cells using poly[2-methoxy-5-(3′-7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] [33] or P3HT. [20,34] This is reasonable given that, with annealing, p-p orbital interactions increase, the polymer highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level increases, and the bandgap is reduced, thus forcing a reduction in V oc . This is also understood through a fall in the shunt resistance as the conductivity of the cell increases.…”

Self‐Assembly of Thiophene‐ and Furan‐Appended Methanofullerenes with Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene) in Organic Solar Cells

“…[11] Researchers have already tested fullerene derivatives with attached chromophore units such as perylene, [12] phthalocyanine, [13] and cyanine dye frameworks, [14] some cross-linkable fullerene derivatives, [15] dimers and oligomers, [16] pyrrazollinofullerenes bearing electron-deficient groups, [17] fullerene compounds with appended malonic acid ester residues, [18] and a number of other compounds that bear bulky solubilizing groups. [19][20] However, there are few examples of fullerene derivatives in organic solar cells that in combination with P3HT showed power conversion efficiencies exceeding 2 %, such as di(4'-dodecyloxyphenyl)-C 61 methanofullerene, [21] the butyl ester of phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid (PCBB), [22] series of PCBM derivatives with 2-ethylhexyloxy side chains, [23] a bis-addition product bearing two PCBM-type addends on the fullerene cage, [24] dihydronaphthyl-bridged ester derivatives, [25] and a thiophenebased modification of PCBM called ThCBM. [26] The three latter Novel fullerene derivatives bearing thiophene and furan residues were synthesized and studied as electron acceptor materials in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, together with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the donor polymer.…”