Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 53)

Green, Martin A.; Hishikawa, Yoshihiro; Dunlop, Ewan D.; Levi, Dean H.; Hohl‐Ebinger, Jochen; Yoshita, Masahiro; Ho‐Baillie, Anita

doi:10.1002/pip.3102

Cited by 704 publications

(526 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

510

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The differences in the defect characteristics of Cu 2 The similar atomic number (and hence the similar atomic form factor [27] ) of Cu and Zn makes these elements difficult to differentiate using the conventional Cu-K α radiation, and hence, X-ray diffraction (XRD; Figure 1a, solid blue line) cannot be used to confirm whether Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 thin films adopt a kesterite or a stannite structure. [28] Figure 1b (solid blue line) illustrates this by comparing the XRD pattern for Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (0.86) with the simulated XRD patterns for Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 with a kesterite, disordered kesterite (complete disorder on 2c and 2d sites), and stannite structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu₂CdSnS₄ Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Hadke

Levcenko

Gautam

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

postdeposition alkali treatment to improve heterojunction diode quality in Cu(In,Ga) Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells and chloride treatment to passivate grain boundaries in CdTe solar cells. [1] These solar-cell technologies are already commercialized, with lab-scale photovoltaic efficiencies exceeding 22%. [2] However, kesterite-based solar cells, such as Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 , which share many of the same characteristics of CIGS and CdTe, significantly lag behind, with a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.6%. [3] Although the dominant limiting factors for this low performance are a matter of considerable discussion, [4] the following observations are consistent among kesterite absorbers: i) a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a short chargecarrier lifetime, [5] ii) a high value of Urbach band tail energy (larger than 30 meV for S-rich kesterites) and lack of a steep absorption onset, [6,7] and iii) the presence of secondary phases. [4,6,8,9] The extent to which these factors individually affect the photovoltaic performance is debated, but their ubiquity among kesterite absorbers indicates the presence of a large density of point defects. [10][11][12] Specifically, i) the low PLQY arises from the presence of nonradiative mid-gap The identification of performance-limiting factors is a crucial step in the development of solar cell technologies. Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 -based solar cells have shown promising power conversion efficiencies in recent years, but their performance remains inferior compared to other thin-film solar cells. Moreover, the fundamental material characteristics that contribute to this inferior performance are unclear. In this paper, the performance-limiting role of deep-trap-level-inducing 2Cu Zn +Sn Zn defect clusters is revealed by comparing the defect formation energies and optoelectronic characteristics of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 and Cu 2 CdSnS 4 . It is shown that these deleterious defect clusters can be suppressed by substituting Zn withCd in a Cu-poor compositional region. The substitution of Zn with Cd also significantly reduces the bandgap fluctuations, despite the similarity in the formation energy of the Cu Zn +Zn Cu and Cu Cd +Cd Cu antisites. Detailed investigation of the Cu 2 CdSnS 4 series with varying Cu/[Cd+Sn] ratios highlights the importance of Cu-poor composition, presumably via the presence of V Cu , in improving the optoelectronic properties of the cation-substituted absorber. Finally, a 7.96% efficient Cu 2 CdSnS 4 solar cell is demonstrated, which shows the highest efficiency among fully cation-substituted absorbers based on Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 .

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] However, kesterite-based solar cells, such as Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 , which share many of the same characteristics of CIGS and CdTe, significantly lag behind, with a record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.6%. [1] These solar-cell technologies are already commercialized, with lab-scale photovoltaic efficiencies exceeding 22%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu₂CdSnS₄ Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Hadke

Levcenko

Gautam

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has sharply increased from the initial 3.8% in 2009 to over 24% in 2019, [1][2][3] achieving comparable photovoltaic performance compared to commercial silicon-based solar cells. A power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has sharply increased from the initial 3.8% in 2009 to over 24% in 2019, [1][2][3] achieving comparable photovoltaic performance compared to commercial silicon-based solar cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

Advanced Science

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A high‐quality perovskite photoactive layer plays a crucial role in determining the device performance. An additive engineering strategy is introduced by utilizing different concentrations of N,1‐diiodoformamidine (DIFA) in the perovskite precursor solution to essentially achieve high‐quality monolayer‐like perovskite films with enhanced crystallinity, hydrophobic property, smooth surface, and grain size up to nearly 3 µm, leading to significantly reduced grain boundaries, trap densities, and thus diminished hysteresis in the resultant perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized devices with 2% DIFA additive show the best device performance with a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.22%, as compared to the control devices with the highest PCE of 19.07%. 2% DIFA modified devices show better stability than the control ones. Overall, the introduction of DIFA additive is demonstrated to be a facile approach to obtain high‐efficiency, hysteresis‐less, and simultaneously stable PSCs.

show abstract

“…As ar esult of the enhanced purity of the reagents [1,2] and careful optimization of the perovskite layer fabrication process, conversion efficiencies have increased significantly since the first report on perovskite solar cells in 2009. [27,28] Forl arge-area devices,h owever, the certified PCE of as ubmodule still remains under 12 %. [27,28] Forl arge-area devices,h owever, the certified PCE of as ubmodule still remains under 12 %.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26] Thehighest certified power-conversion efficiency(PCE) now exceeds 23 %. [28] Further optimization of perovskite layer fabrication methods is therefore needed to obtain more efficient devices with larger active areas. [28] Further optimization of perovskite layer fabrication methods is therefore needed to obtain more efficient devices with larger active areas.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Purified, Solvent‐Intercalated Precursor Complex for Wide‐Process‐Window Fabrication of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ah igh-purity methylammonium lead iodide complex with intercalated dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules, CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ·DMF,i si ntroduced as an effective precursor material for fabricating high-quality solution-processed perovskite layers.S pin-coated films of the solvent-intercalated complex dissolved in pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) yielded thick, dense perovskite layers after thermal annealing.The low volatility of the pure DMSO solvent extended the allowable time for low-speed spin programs and considerably relaxed the precision needed for the antisolvent addition step.A no ptimized, reliable fabrication method was devised to take advantage of this extended process windowa nd resulted in highly consistent performance of perovskite solar cell devices, with up to 19.8 %p ower-conversion efficiency (PCE). The optimizedmethod was also used to fabricate a22.0 cm 2 ,eightcell module with 14.2 %P CE (active area) and 8.64 Voutput (1.08 V/cell).Hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites are promising materials for cost-effective printable photovoltaics. As ar esult of the enhanced purity of the reagents [1,2] and careful optimization of the perovskite layer fabrication process, conversion efficiencies have increased significantly since the first report on perovskite solar cells in 2009. [26] Thehighest certified power-conversion efficiency(PCE) now exceeds 23 %. [27,28] Forl arge-area devices,h owever, the certified PCE of as ubmodule still remains under 12 %. [28]

show abstract

Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 53)

Abstract: Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2018 are reviewed.

Cited by 704 publications

References 42 publications

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu₂CdSnS₄ Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu₂CdSnS₄ Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

A Purified, Solvent‐Intercalated Precursor Complex for Wide‐Process‐Window Fabrication of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 53)

Abstract: Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2018 are reviewed.

Cited by 704 publications

References 42 publications

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu2CdSnS4 Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu2CdSnS4 Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

A Purified, Solvent‐Intercalated Precursor Complex for Wide‐Process‐Window Fabrication of Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu₂CdSnS₄ Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency

Suppressed Deep Traps and Bandgap Fluctuations in Cu₂CdSnS₄ Solar Cells with ≈8% Efficiency