Solar cell efficiency tables (Version 60)

Abstract

Consolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined, and new entries since January 2022 are reviewed. An appendix describing temporary electrical contacting of large-area solar cells approaches and terminology is also included.

31.474 (44.359) %- Limiting Highest Efficiencies obtained in the \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathbf{n}^+(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathbf{p}^+)-\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathbf{p}(\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\mathbf{n})\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Crystalline GaAs Junction Solar Cells at T=300 K, Due to The Effects of Heavy (L

“…Then, from Equations ( In conclusion, by basing on such a treatment method, and using the physical conditions such as: 3 et 5. They can also be compared with the other ones: η = 29.1 % , obtained for the GaAs-thin film cell, and η = 45.7 % for GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs/GaInAs multijunction cell, by Green et al [3].…”

“…Here, in the n + (p + ) − p(n) junction solar cells, denoted respectively by I(II), and for physical conditions as: W = 0.0044 μm, N As(Ga) = 10 19 (10 20 ) cm −3 , r As(Ga) , S = 10 50 cm s , N Ga(As) = 10 17 cm −3 , r Ga(As) , (23) we propose, at given V ocI1(2) and V ocII1(2) , the experimental results of the short circuit current density J scI(II) , fill factor F I(II) , and photovoltaic conversion factor η I(II) , in order to formulate our following treatment method of two fixe experimental points [3,4], for the n + − p junction,…”

Radiative-cooling-based nighttime electricity generation with power density exceeding 100 mW/m2

“…Nighttime renewable energy harvesting represents a significant engineering challenge. Daytime energy generation, by harvesting sunlight, has made tremendous progress over the last two decades (Green et al, 2022). Meanwhile, the standard way to provide renewable energy at night is through energy storage (Bowen et al, 2021).…”

Overcoming Perovskite Corrosion and De-Doping Through Chemical Binding of Halogen Bonds Toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached a certified record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.7% recently, while the large-scale commercial applications are still limited by the poor stability [ 1 – 3 ]. Numerous efforts have been performed to solve the stability problems caused by water, oxygen, light and heat, as well as the instability of metal oxide/perovskites interface, and several effective strategies have been provided and implemented [ 4 – 12 ].…”