Solar and wind exergy potentials for Mars

Delgado-Bonal, Alfonso; Martín-Torres, F. J.; Vázquez-Martín, Sandra; Zorzano, María Paz

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.110

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Moreover, in the last decades, the complexities of the exploration rover and the energy demands of the experimental apparatus, avionics, and locomotion parts have increased [30]. Thus, we discuss here the power produced by solar energy on the Moon as a function of target landing site and seasonal behavior to provide some guideline for energy requirement in the future exploration missions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the use of solar energy has been demonstrated to be an excellent choice as a power source in solar system exploration. It serves enough energy to operate rovers on the Moon and allows the mission duration to be expanded [30,31]. To accomplish our goal of designing the optimal wheel shape for a solar-powered exploration rover on a given operational environment, it is necessary to know the amount of power acquisition as a radiation field environment that reaches the lunar surface.…”

Section: Power Acquisition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for a Solar-Powered Exploration Rover Considering the Restricted Power Requirement

Kim

2020

Energies

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The energy requirements of a solar-powered exploration rover constrain the mission duration, traversability, and tractive capability under the given limited usable power. Thus, exploration rover design, more specifically, rover wheel design (related to considerable energy consumption in driving), plays a significant role in the success of exploration missions. This paper describes the modeling of an operational environment and a multi-body dynamics (MBD) simulation tool based on wheel-terrain interaction model to predict the dynamic behavior on a digital elevation model (DEM) map. With these simulation environments, a multidisciplinary optimal wheel design methodology, integrating the MBD simulation tool and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II), is developed. Design parameters are chosen through sensitivity analysis. These multi-objective optimizations in dynamic states are conducted to obtain the optimal wheel dimension that meet the limited power condition with maximal tractive capability under the given operational environment. Furthermore, numerical and experimental verification using a single wheel testbed on lunar simulant are conducted to convincingly validate the derived optimization results. Finally, these results reveal that the proposed design methodology is an effective approach to deciding the best design parameter among a large variety of candidate design points considering the restricted power requirement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power Acquisition Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for a Solar-Powered Exploration Rover Considering the Restricted Power Requirement

Kim

2020

Energies

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“…Solar power has potential (e.g., Delgado-Bonal et al, 2016;Vincente-Retorcillo et al, 2018) but due to dust storms (Fernández, 1998), hybrid power generation, with rechargeable batteries and/or nuclear thermoelectric technology (e.g., LaMonica, 2012;NASA, 2019a), may be needed. Geothermal options might exist (Morgan, 2009;Sori and Bramson, 2019).…”

Section: Climate Temperature and Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Extraterrestrial nature reserves (ETNRs)

Smith

2022

International Journal of Astrobiology

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If human population growth is not controlled, natural areas must be sacrificed. An alternative is to create more habitat, terraforming Mars. However, this requires establishment of essential, ecosystem services on a planet currently unamenable to Terran species. Shorter term, assembling Terran-type ecosystems within contained environments is conceivable if mutually supportive species complements are determined. Accepting this, an assemblage of organisms that might form an early, forest environment is proposed, with rationale for its selection. A case is made for developing a contained facsimile, old growth forest on Mars, providing an oasis, proffering vital ecosystem functions (a forest bubble). It would serve as an extraterrestrial nature reserve (ETNR), psychological refuge and utilitarian botanic garden, supporting species of value to colonists for secondary metabolites (vitamins, flavours, perfumes, medicines, colours and mood enhancers). The design presented includes organisms that might tolerate local environmental variance and be assembled into a novel, bioregenerative forest ecosystem. This would differ from Earthly forests due to potential impact of local abiotic parameters on ecosystem functions, but it is argued that biotic support for space travel and colonization requires such developments. Consideration of the necessary species complement of an ETNR supports a view that it is not humanity alone that is reaching out to space, it is life, with all its diverse capabilities for colonization and establishment. Humans cannot, and will not, explore space alone because they did not evolve in isolation, being shaped over aeons by other species. Space will be travelled by a mutually supportive system of Terran organisms amongst which humans fit, exchanging metabolites and products of photosynthesis as they have always done.

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“…Solar energy: The average irradiance on the surface of the Martian atmosphere is 500 W / m 2 [52], which can be used thermally and photovoltaic, depending on the environmental characteristics of Mars such as the atmospheric composition, the weather, the seasons and the length of day to determine the appropriate geographical location in which the panels or collectors provide the highest energy conversion efficiency, the necessary area and the mechanisms for collecting solar energy, since the best strategy is to orient the receiving surface always perpendicular to the rays of the sun [53]. B. Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy on Earth is a sustainable, viable, safe, and renewable energy resource [54].…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mars Dichotomy: Prospects for human life on Mars

Leal¹,

Tovar²,

Nieves³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The red planet story began with the successful flyby of the American Probe Mariner 4 in July 1965. Eventually, on December 1971 the Soviet lander Mars 3 had the first landing on the surface of Mars. However, the search for life on other planets or the human establishment on other planets was part of science fiction. Only the Viking program, in 1975, changed the mindset of the entire world. Mars Pathfinder, Phoenix, Curiosity and other technical probes, landers and rovers, updated information on the conditions of Mars and thus improve materials, technology, and capabilities to put humans on Mars. Centuries of special Career have allowed to build Martian cities, where Space X, Blue Origins, and different governments and private companies around the world, achieved in 2042 the establishment of Star City [1], the first city outside of Earth with 1000 inhabitants. However, the population has continued to grow and the design of one or more cities that have changed the accommodation of 1,000,000 people is required. The requirement is that the city must be sustainable in resources, economy, and social dynamics. In this way, Mars Dichotomy proposal will begin its implementation from now on, achieving balance in 2350. From the point of view of Mars' physiography and topography, two highly different sectors are perceived. It is possible to appreciate that 40% of the planet displays very few impact craters, while the other 60% are regions with numerous impact records. Because of this it has been called that Mars presents a dichotomy or commonly said: Two faces. When thinking about the generation of large, diverse Martian cities and where science and technology must be the center of progress, we have also thought about maintaining a dichotomous character, which is why our proposal Mars Dichotomy proposes the design of two cities with concepts, characteristics and different productive sectors as follows: A. Wisdom City: At a height of 4 kilometers above the mean planetary radius (MPR), located at Ascraeus Mons region (Fig. 1a). Strategically located because the presence of ore deposits, caverns, and lava tubes, which appear to be open to the surface and can serve as shelter for inhabitants. The name of the city is inspired by the evolution of the scientific knowledge of humanity. The concept of living underground reminds us of the myth of the philosopher Plato, where some people live in caves and what they observe are shadows, until one of them manages to get out and see the surface, observing nature and the world; and then go back and tell others what was observed [2]. In the same way it connects us with our history and our origins, human beings in their beginnings lived in caves and once we went out and knew the world, we were able to look at the sky and recognize stars and planets, dreaming of one day getting there. We are now in the sky looking at Earth planet, to start a new story as space cavemen. B. Endurance City: The Medusae Fossae region (Fig. 1b) has been chosen for the high presence of hydrogen, therefore a good pl...

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Solar and wind exergy potentials for Mars

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for a Solar-Powered Exploration Rover Considering the Restricted Power Requirement

Multidisciplinary Design Optimization for a Solar-Powered Exploration Rover Considering the Restricted Power Requirement

Extraterrestrial nature reserves (ETNRs)

Mars Dichotomy: Prospects for human life on Mars

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