Solar and Lunar Calibration for Miniaturized Microwave Radiometers

Crews, Angela; Cahoy, Kerri; Blackwell, William J.; Leslie, R. Vincent; Grant, Michael S.

doi:10.1109/aero.2019.8741641

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Over a year period, the TROPICS satellites have lunar and solar intrusion events fifteen times a day (~5745 total over the course of a year), with intrusions occurring once every orbit. In comparison, ATMS only has 44 total lunar intrusions over the course of a sample year [17,19].…”

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A satellite in a 550 km, 30°inclination orbit was modeled in Systems Tool Kit (STK) with a dual spinner configuration, with the instrument modeled to scan at 30 rpm. Solar and lunar intrusions occurred in a sector of ± 57° from zenith over the course of the 2019 modeled year [17,19]. Cold calibration for the TROPICS SVs should thus not be performed during this ± 57° from zenith sector.…”

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then examined intrusions over the course of a day. The solar and lunar intrusions were shown to occur periodically every orbit [17,19]. As the sensor scans around the spacecraft, intrusions occur every two seconds during the intrusion event.…”

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the sensor scans around the spacecraft, intrusions occur every two seconds during the intrusion event. For a sample intrusion event with a 3° FOV, there are 23 intrusions at elevation angles ranging from 82.3° to 82.5 that occur over 46 seconds [17,19].…”

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We develop our algorithm [17] loosely based on sun-tracking ground radiometry techniques [6] used to measure atmospheric attenuation. Sun-tracking radiometry takes measurements when the antenna is pointing alternatively on and off the Sun, and combines the on and off Sun measurements to determine the antenna temperature difference.…”

Section: Solar and Lunar Calibration Correction Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correcting Calibration Drifts Using Solar and Lunar Intrusions for Miniaturized Microwave Radiometers

Crews¹,

Blackwell²,

Leslie³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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CubeSats with miniaturized microwave radiometers are now demonstrating the potential to provide science-quality weather measurements. For example, the Micro-Sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite-2A (MicroMAS-2A) and Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems-Demonstration (TEMPEST-D) CubeSats both launched in 2018 and have demonstrated microwave atmospheric sounder data from orbit. The NASA Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) mission is a follow-on constellation of six 3U CubeSats based on theMicroMAS-2 design that is scheduled for launch no sooner than 2021. The TROPICS sensors use internal noise diodes for calibration. Although the noise diodes on TROPICS are similar to technology flown on GMI, they have not been tested on-orbit at TROPICS frequencies. In order to track and correct noise diode drift, we develop a novel method of calibration for CubeSat constellations such as TROPICS by incorporating periodic solar and lunar intrusions as an additional source of information to counter noise diode drift. These lunar intrusions also occur for existing satellites hosting microwave radiometers in sunsynchronous polar orbits, but are much more infrequent than for the TROPICS constellation's scanning payload. In this work, we develop a solar/lunar calibration correction algorithm and test it using Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) lunar intrusion data. The mean bias and standard deviation between the solar/lunar calibration correction algorithm and actual ATMS data falls within the expected ATMS error budget of 0.6 K to 3.9 K, validating our model.

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Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar and Lunar Intrusions For Tropicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar and Lunar Calibration Correction Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Correcting Calibration Drifts Using Solar and Lunar Intrusions for Miniaturized Microwave Radiometers

Crews¹,

Blackwell²,

Leslie³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Initial Radiance Validation of the Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite-2A

Crews

Blackwell

Leslie

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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The Micro-Sized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite (MicroMAS-2A) is a 3U CubeSat that launched in January 2018 as a technology demonstration for future microwave sounding constellation missions, such as the NASA Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) mission now in development. MicroMAS-2A has a miniaturized 1U 10-channel passive microwave radiometer with channels near 90, 118, 183, and 206 GHz for moisture and temperature profiling and precipitation imaging [4]. MicroMAS-2A provided the first CubeSat atmospheric vertical sounding data from orbit and to date is the only CubeSat to provide temperature and moisture sounding and surface imaging. In this paper, we analyze six segments of data collected from MicroMAS-2A in April 2018 and compare them to ERA5 reanalysis fields coupled with the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM). This initial assessment of CubeSat radiometric accuracy shows biases relative to ERA5 with magnitudes ranging from 0.4 to 2.2 K (with standard deviations ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 K) for the four mid-tropospheric temperature channels and biases of 2.2 and 2.8 K (standard deviations 1.8 and 2.6 K) for the two lower tropospheric water vapor channels.

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On-Orbit Calibration and Wet Tropospheric Correction of HY-2C Correction Microwave Radiometer

et al. 2023

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HY-2C is the third satellite in China’s ocean dynamic environment satellite series, and carries a correction microwave radiometer (CMR) to correct the wet tropospheric path delay for the aligned radar altimeter. To effectively use the brightness temperatures (TB) of CMR to retrieve path delay, an on-orbit calibration effort is required. In this study, an antenna pattern correction (APC) method and a neural network method are used to perform an on-orbit calibration for CMR’s antenna temperatures and a model based on the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm, and Back-Propagation neural network (WOA–LM–BP) has been proposed to retrieve the wet tropospheric correction (WTC) of CMR. The on-orbit calibration results, compared with the simulated brightness temperatures calculated by the radiative transfer model (RTM), have shown that compared with the APC method, the neural network method can almost eliminate the latitude variation, and the total bias and standard deviation of the on-orbit calibrated TB at all channels have obviously decreased. The retrieved WTC results also have shown that the retrieved WTC of CMR has a good agreement with the corresponding ones from the model-derived WTC and Jason-3.

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Solar and Lunar Calibration for Miniaturized Microwave Radiometers

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Correcting Calibration Drifts Using Solar and Lunar Intrusions for Miniaturized Microwave Radiometers

Correcting Calibration Drifts Using Solar and Lunar Intrusions for Miniaturized Microwave Radiometers

Initial Radiance Validation of the Microsized Microwave Atmospheric Satellite-2A

On-Orbit Calibration and Wet Tropospheric Correction of HY-2C Correction Microwave Radiometer

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