Solar Activity and Cosmic Ray Intensity Variation with Geomagnetic Activity during 1996–2022

Abstract

The average features of diurnal variation have been observed to change with different phases of the solar cycle, with the variance being substantially bigger at higher energies. The events were classified on the basis of different phases of solar cycles, i.e., the minimum solar activity time period, the maximum solar activity time period, and the declining phase of solar cycle. This research looks at the observed results and the influence of solar variability on cosmic rays and the geomagnetic field from 1996 to 2022. The occasional group includes a Forbush effect decline, transitory decrease, and a ground level enhancement (GLE). The 11-year fluctuation in Galactic Cosmic Rays is also known as the long-term variation, whereas the Forbush effect reduction is known as short-term variation. We investigated the long-term change in the cosmic ray intensity and its relationship to the number of Sun spots (Rz), solar wind speed (