Solanceae family in Mexico

Abstract

Background: Knowledge on Mexican Solanaceae is uneven. Several areas are well collected and have been floristically treated in recent times, but others have been neglected and are poorly represented in herbaria. Question: Which species of Solanaceae grow in Mexico and which is their state distribution. Study site: Mexico from 2009 to 2011. Methods: We reviewed family literature as well as Mexican and North American herbaria. We analyzed species distribution for each state, and endemism for the country and MegaMexico. Results: We found three subfamilies (Cestroideae Juanulloideae and Solanoideae), 34 genera, 381 species, and 18 varieties. We include state distributions and endemism for the country, as well as for MegaMexico 1, in which the natural limits of the Sonoran, Chihuahuan, and Tamaulipean deserts are included, and MegaMexico 2 which includes Central America up to northern Nicaragua. There are no endemic genera to Mexico, but Nectouxia, Datura and Chamaesaracha are endemic to MegaMexico 1, and Plowmania, Tzeltalia, Capsicophysalis and Schraderanthus are endemic to MegaMexico2. Three genera, Brugmansia, Petunia and Nicandra are introduced and have naturalized species. Solanum has the highest number of species (130) (Sierra-Muñoz et al. 2015). The rest of the country either lacks floristic works, or the inventories are old or incomplete.Uneven knowledge of the Solanaceae in the country, as well as the lack of a sound nomenclature hinders richness and endemism analyses, thus complicating conservation policies.The aims of our work were to provide a current Solanaceae list for Mexico, under Hunziker's (2001) classification system and to offer species distribution data. Materials and methodsWe reviewed family literature including monographs, floristic lists, floras, species original descriptions, thesis, typification literature, nomenclatural synopsis, and phylogenies. The complete list of references is available from Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO), or from the authors. With that information and our experience, we validated the correct name for the species and formed the Solanaceae list. We visited MEXU, XAL, MO, IBUG, IEB, SD and QMEX (acronyms according to Thiers, continuously updated) to review the specimens and obtain their distribution. The list up to 2011 including synonyms is available at <http://www.conabio.gob.mx/institucion/proyectos/resultados/InfHS004.pdf> (consulted in feb 2017).Species distribution information at the state level was completed with recent floristic lists. Lists prior to 2000 were not used because of nomenclatural problems. Subfamily and genera circumscriptions are according to Hunziker (2001). We do not include subgenera or sections here, but the complete nomenclature data base is available from CONABIO. For discrepancies among different classification systems we followed Hunziker (2001 ResultsThe list we present (Table 1), has the species described so far excluding synonyms. We found three subfamilies of Solanaceae that group 34...

Diagnóstico del conocimiento taxonómico y florístico de las plantas vasculares del norte de México

“…Los nombres de las especies son de acuerdo al sitio web Tropicos (www.tropicos.org/), The International Plant Name Index (www. ipni.org), así como a literatura especializada reciente, por ejemplo Dávila et al (2006), CastroCastro et al (2014), Herrera-Arrieta (2014), Nesom (2014), Munguía-Lino et al 2015, Gonzá-lez-Gallegos et al (2016, Martínez et al (2017). El diagnóstico del conocimiento taxonómico y florístico se llevó a cabo a través de consultas dirigidas a las instituciones y los botánicos de la región donde se desarrollan trabajos botánicos.…”

Typifications and nomenclatural notes in Physalis (Solanaceae) from the United States

“…Physalis was first described with nine species by Linnaeus () and later expanded by Hendrych (), who included 120 species. Many of these taxa were merged into only 75 species by D'Arcy (), but today, approximately 90 species are accepted in the genus (Martínez, ; Martínez & al., ; Sullivan, in press). Previously, the type for this genus was the Eurasian Physalis alkekengi L., a taxon that does not form a clade with the other mostly American species of Physalis (Whitson & Manos, ; Deanna & al., ).…”

Richness, geographic distribution patterns, and areas of endemism of selected angiosperm groups in Mexico

“…Although Solanum has a worldwide distribution, the highest species diversity locates around the Amazonian basin. Mexico is considered a center of diversification of Solanaceae, including Lycianthes (Dunal) Hassl., Physalis L. and Solanum (Hijmans & Spooner, ; Martínez et al, ) and on its territory 34 genera and 381 species have been registered. Solanum contributes with 130 species, Physalis counts 68 and Lycianthes sums 42 (Martínez et al, ).…”