Solanaceous Vegetables and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Hospital-Based Matched Case-Control Study in Northeast China

Abstract

Background: Dietary factors are regarded as an essential influence in changing colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. However, there is no clear conclusion of the relationship between solanaceous vegetables and colorectal cancer at present. The study aimed to evaluate the intake of solanaceous vegetables in relation to colorectal cancer risk among the Northeast Chinese population.Methods: We carried out a hospital-based case-control study in three hospitals in Northeast China from 2009 to 2011. The study finally included 833 patients with CRC and 833 controls matched separately according to age, gender, and city of residence. We applied a structural questionnaire to collect demographic characteristics and dietary information by face-to-face interview and adopted conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Stratified analyses were conducted by sex and subsites.Results: There was no obvious correlation between total intake of solanaceous plants and CRC risk. The adjusted OR for the highest quartile and the lowest quartile was 1 (95% CI: 0.68–1.5). Certain types of solanaceous vegetables were negatively associated with the risk of CRC, such as eggplant (OR = 0.42; 95% CI:0.29–0.62) and sweet pepper (OR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.33–0.7). Potato was found to have a positive correlation with CRC (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.26–2.47). In the stratified analyses by gender, total solanaceous vegetables intake was inversely associated with CRC risk only in men. In the stratified analyses of cancer subsites, no significant association between total solanaceous vegetables intake and CRC risk was found.Conclusion: No findings showed that the intake of total solanaceous vegetables was related to the reduction of CRC risk. However, specific types of solanaceous vegetables indicated an inverse association with CRC risk.

Soluble Free, Soluble Conjugated, and Insoluble Bound Phenolics in Tomato Seeds and Their Radical Scavenging and Antiproliferative Activities

“…To date, there have been scarce studies investigating the anticancer activities of tomato seeds. However, tomato intake was reported to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer, which might be due to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. , Also, tomato glycoalkaloid found in tomato peels could inhibit the growth of the colon cell line of HT29 . Taking together, tomato processing waste materials could be used as essential raw materials for valuable nutraceuticals.…”

Association between chili pepper consumption and risk of gastrointestinal-tract cancers: A meta-analysis

“…Of the 14 case-control studies, eight studies were conducted in Asia ( 25 – 28 , 30 – 33 ), two in Europe ( 10 , 29 ), two in North America ( 9 , 23 ), one in Africa ( 24 ), and one in South America ( 22 ). As to study design, most of these studies were population-based controls ( 9 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 33 ), and the remaining six studies used a hospital-based case-control design ( 10 , 24 , 25 , 27 – 29 , 31 , 32 ). Moreover, seven studies examined the association between chili pepper intake and the risk of GC ( 9 , 10 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 28 ), three on CRC ( 29 , 32 , 33 ), and four on EC ( 24 , 26 , 30 , 31 ).…”

“…As to study design, most of these studies were population-based controls ( 9 , 22 , 23 , 26 , 30 , 33 ), and the remaining six studies used a hospital-based case-control design ( 10 , 24 , 25 , 27 – 29 , 31 , 32 ). Moreover, seven studies examined the association between chili pepper intake and the risk of GC ( 9 , 10 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 28 ), three on CRC ( 29 , 32 , 33 ), and four on EC ( 24 , 26 , 30 , 31 ). In terms of the assessment methods of exposure, five studies ( 9 , 22 – 24 , 31 ) used the FFQ, while nine studies used frequency-reported questionnaires ( 10 , 25 – 30 , 32 , 33 ).…”

“…Moreover, seven studies examined the association between chili pepper intake and the risk of GC ( 9 , 10 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 27 , 28 ), three on CRC ( 29 , 32 , 33 ), and four on EC ( 24 , 26 , 30 , 31 ). In terms of the assessment methods of exposure, five studies ( 9 , 22 – 24 , 31 ) used the FFQ, while nine studies used frequency-reported questionnaires ( 10 , 25 – 30 , 32 , 33 ). Almost all studies reported OR, except for two studies that reported RR ( 29 , 30 ).…”

“…All studies were adjusted or matched for age and sex, with only one study not adjusted for sex because all participants were male (30). Smoking (24,25,28,(31)(32)(33) and alcohol consumption (24, 25, 27, 28, 30-33) have been controlled in several studies.…”