Sol–gel zirconia nanopowders with α-cyclodextrin as organic additive

Sol-gel zirconia-based nanopowders with potential applications for sensors

“…Wavenumber [cm À 1 ] Assignment * 3600-3000 ν(OH) 1700-1600 ν(C ¼O), δ(NH 2 ), polypeptide backbone $ 1500 1400-1300 ν(NO 2 ), δ(NH 2 ) 1200-1100 δ/ ω (CH 2 ), twNH 2 impurity introduces a strain in the zirconia lattice, due to the smaller radius of the Zr þ 4 cation with respect to Ce þ 3 / Ce þ 4 ones, or to the more covalent character of Zr-O bonds compared to the Ce-O interaction. According to the presented results, one can assume that a Zr 11 À x Ce x O 2 solid solution was formed in which some exchange processes between Ce and Zr atoms occur.…”

“…Zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) has been intensely explored for a wide range of practical applications in different important fields (fuel cells, catalysis, oxygen sensors, nanoelectronic devices, thermo luminescent UV dosimeters, etc.) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. In order to improve the application potential, the particle characteristics and phase structure of the zirconia material can be tuned either by the synthesis method chosen [3], or during preparation, in different ways: doping with some oxides, introducing additives, changing the calcination temperature [4].…”

A novel green nonaqueous sol-gel process for preparation of partially stabilized zirconia nanopowder

“…Zirconia powder can be prepared via various methods, such as emulsion [3], hydrothermal [4], combustion [5], thermal decomposition [6], sol-gel [7] and precipitation method [8]. Sol-gel method is one of the best methods for preparation of zirconia, titania and alumina nanopowder [9][10][11]. However, traditional sol-gel method takes water as medium, but its large surface tension inevitably leads to agglomeration during the drying process.…”

Tuning the phase composition and particle characteristics of partially stabilized yttria and ceria co-doped zirconia nanocrystals via a sol–gel process with sodium chloride as an additive

“…Due to the unique physical and chemical properties of ZrO 2 , this compound has an extremely wide range of applications in various fields and has attracted considerable attention for a long time [1]. The most important application areas for ZrO 2 include toughened ceramics [2,3], refractories [4], piezoelectrics [5], solid electrolytes [6], active component and/or supports in catalysis [7,8], and photonics [9].…”

“…Many metal oxides, such as Sc 2 O 3 [19], Y 2 O 3 [20], Er 2 O 3 [21] and Al 2 O 3 [22], can be used to tune the phase structure of zirconia. However, the crystalline structure and phase state can also be affected by the media [23][24][25][26], additive [1,20], calcination temperature [27], sintering atmosphere [28] and grain size [29,30] during the preparation process.…”