Sol–gel synthesized siloxane hybrid materials for display and optoelectronic applications

Hybrid Materials: A Metareview

“…In this sense, sol–gel synthesis, developed in 1930s, has become one of the major research lines in the broad field of hybrid materials synthesis. ,,− Organic molecules or monomers embedded in sol–gel matrices are common examples that could present a large diversity in their structures and final properties leading to many multifunctional materials. Polymers filled with inorganic clusters, organogels, and biological-based hybrid materials are other extended examples of class I hybrids. ,,,,,,− ,− In the case of Class II hybrid materials, covalent or ion-covalent bonds are present between the organic and inorganic phases. , In this sense, the grafting methodology, appears as a common strategy to form class II hybrid materials. ,,,,,,− This method, sometimes applied as a postsynthetic step, normally implies the attachment of functional organic molecules on the surface of inorganic moieties (type I–O), such as silica, titania, other metal oxides, and/or carbon surfaces. ,,, Sol–gel is again one of the most used as a suitable methodology for the preparation of this class of materials, with the development of hybrid materials from polyfunctional alkoxysilanes a typical example for obtaining a wide range of functional materials due to their high versatility. − However, electrochemical grafting using aryl diazonium salts is the most used in the case of carbonaceous matrices. This method is based on the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salts, which decompose into radicals and nitrogen gas, giving a direct C–C bond. , Other typical methods commonly used to prepare type II hybrid materials are self-assembly synthesis, ,, template-assisted synthesis, ,, hydrothermal, ,,,…”

A Fusion of Molecular Imprinting Technology and Siloxane Chemistry: A Way to Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials

“…The utilization of the molecularly imprinted technology to organosilicones, such as siloxanes (and polysiloxanes), could significantly enhance the application capabilities of the latter materials. It should be pointed out that siloxanes have found countless and diverse applications, not only in biomedicine and pharmaceutical fields [ 69 ] but also in personal care products and cosmetics due to the non-toxicity and biocompatibility of siloxane compounds [ 70 ], as well as other areas, such as electronic manufacturing, automotive industry, textile products, construction materials, medical equipment, and food processing ( Figure 1 ) [ 69 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. It has to be underlined that such broad application capabilities of siloxanes are possible because of their extraordinary properties such as flexibility and rubber-like elasticity, fracture toughness, mechanical and chemical durability, thermal stability, compressive strength, optical transparency, and amphiphilicity, among others [ 80 ].…”

Sol–gel-derived nanoparticles coated liquid entities: liquid marbles, liquid plasticine, and flat interface

“…The gel is used to form a film or a coating over a substrate for a wide range of applications such as superhydrophobic surfaces, gas sensing [44], integrated optics/photonics [45][46][47][48][49][50], electronic devices [51][52][53][54][55], biomedical [49,56,57] and pollution adsorption [58]. Additionally, the micro-patterning of such sol-gel films can be a promising candidate for future display and optoelectronic applications [59]. For optoelectronic applications, two properties of materials are of utmost importance, namely, electrical conductivity and transparency [60].…”

“…The combination of these properties is transparent conducting oxides such as SnO 2 [60] and ZnO [61]. An in-depth review of sol-gel-based devices in such optoelectronic applications is also available in the literature [59,62,63]. This paper critically reviews liquid entities made by the transfer of monolayer from such sol-gel films.…”