Sol–gel synthesis of ZnO transparent conductive films: The role of pH

Correlated effects of preparation parameters and thickness on morphology and optical properties of ZnO very thin films

“…In addition, both synthesis temperatures and concentration seem to accelerate this observed evolution with number of deposition cycles, as a consequence of a faster growth and faster increasing thickness when these preparation parameters increase. Although thickness is known to have effects on crystal orientation and grains size [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], the evolution observed in the present work however involves thinner layers and seems to be different than those reported. The low thickness of the considered layers could be responsible for particular mechanisms of grains coarsening.…”

“…Thickness can have a great influence on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of layers obtained by magnetron sputtering [7][8][9][10], pulsed laser deposition, or solgel. In this particular case of sol-gel synthesis, thickness can especially be controlled by varying the number of deposition cycles, offering a wide range of different granular morphologies and correlated properties [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Effect of microwave power on energy gap of ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by microwaving through aqueous solutions

“…Differrent morphologies of ZnO structures such as nanorods [1][2][3], nanowires [4,5], hollow spheres [6], hammershaped particles [7], nanocubes [8], nanoparticles [9,10], tetrapod [11], nanotubes [12,13] and nanocrystals [10,14] have been synthesized by both chemical and physical methods: sol-gel process [15][16][17], hydrothermal process [18][19][20], thermal evaporation [3,7,9,11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [6,21,22], ultrasonicassisted synthesis [8,14,23] and microwave radiation [24][25][26][27].…”

Morphological, Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Deposited by Dip Coating Method

“…Compared with the above methods, sol-gel method is the most widely used due to its high versatility, simplicity, low equipment cost, the ability of accurate control of stoichiometry over the molecular level mixing, large area coating, high homogeneity and relatively low process temperature [20][21][22] . Although the sol-gel method is a relatively simple technique for depositing ZnO thin films, there are still some factors affecting the properties of the prepared films.…”