Sol–gel synthesis of iron oxide–silica composite microstructures

Abstract

Spherical silica particles doped with iron oxide have been synthesized via base-catalyzed one-pot sol-gel process using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and iron(III) ethoxide (ITE) as co-precursors. In the modified Stöber process adopted, depending on the concentration of ITE in the starting composition, materials of various morphologies were observed under a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. The presence of ITE significantly affected the formation process of particulate silica; the spherical particles were formed accompanied by the copresence of irregular-shaped finer aggregates. The fraction of the aggregates with rough surfaces increased with an increase of the ITE content in the reaction mixture. Both the spherical particles and irregular-shaped aggregates contained iron hydroxide and they exhibited paramagnetic behavior. The chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the materials were determined using various complementary spectroscopic methods. Keywords Iron(III) ethoxide Á Sol-gel Á Microstructures Á Silica Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

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