Sol–Gel Synthesis of Dy-Substituted Ni0.4Cu0.2Zn0.4(Fe2-xDyx)O4 Nano Spinel Ferrites and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Potentialities for Biomedical Application

Abstract

Background The constant rise of microbial biofilm formation and drug resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs poses a significant threat to community health around the world because it reduces the efficacy and efficiency of treatments, increasing morbidity, mortality, and health-care expenditures. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents that inhibit microbial biofilm formation. Methods The [Ni 0.4 Cu 0.2 Zn 0.4 ](Fe 2-x Dy x )O 4 (x≤0.04) (Ni-Cu-Zn) nano spinel ferrites (NSFs) have been synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion process and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs were also examined. Results The XRD pattern confirms the secondary phase DyFeO 3 and Fe 2 O 3 for substituted Dy 3 + samples, and the crystallite size ranged from 10 to 19 nm. TEM analysis of NSFs revealed that the particles were cube-shaped and 15nm in size. NSFs exhibited significant antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activity. At concentration of 1 mg/mL, it was found that the NSFs (ie, x=0.0, x=0.01, x=0.02, x=0.03 and x=0.04) inhibit biofilm formation by 27.6, 26.2, 58.5, 33.3 and 25% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 47.5, 43.5, 48.6, 58.3 and 26.6% for Candida albicans , respectively. SEM images demonstrate that treating MRSA and C. albicans biofilms with NSFs significantly reduces cell adhesion, colonization and destruction of biofilm architecture and extracellular polymeric substances matrices. Additionally, SEM and TEM examination revealed that NSFs extensively damaged the cell walls and membranes of MRSA and C. albicans . Huge ultrastructural alteration such as deformation, disintegration and separation of cell wall and membrane from the cells was observed, indicating significant loss of membrane integrity, which eventually led to cell death. Furthermore, it was observed that NSF inhibited the cancer cell growth and proliferation of HCT-116 in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that the synthesized Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs could be used to develop potential antimicrobial surface coatings agents for a varieties of biomedical-related materials and devices in order to prevent the biofilms formation and their colonization. Furthermore, the enhanced antiproliferative properties of manufactured SNFs suggest a wide range of biomedical applications.

Synthesis of M-Ag3PO4, (M = Se, Ag, Ta) Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Study

“…Standard plate count procedures were used to further investigate the effects of Ag 3 PO 4 , Se-Ag 3 PO 4 , Ag-Ag 3 PO 4 , and Ta-Ag 3 PO 4 on the growth of bacteria with and without sonication [ 61 ]. Three sets of experiment were designed.…”

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Multifunctional Bimetallic Ag-CuO Nanohybrids and Their Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm and Antiproliferative Potential

“…Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) studies of the as-synthesized nanohybrid were performed to obtain the size, surface morphology and structure. Element analysis of the synthesized nanohybrids was characterized by EDX [ 32 ].…”

In Vitro, Molecular Docking and In Silico ADME/Tox Studies of Emodin and Chrysophanol against Human Colorectal and Cervical Carcinoma

“…The standard MTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability and antiproliferative activity of EM and Chr [51]. The effects of different concentrations of EM and Chr (2.0 µg to 25 µg/mL) on the cell viability and proliferation of two cancerous cell lines, i.e., human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) and human cervical (HeLa), as well as non-cancerous cell lines, i.e., embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293), were investigated as described previously [52]. Briefly, the HCT-116, HeLa, and HEK-293 cells were treated with EM and Chr for 48 h. After that 10 µL of MTT (5mg/mL) solution were added in control (without EM and Chr) and treated groups and were incubated in a CO 2 incubator for 4 h. After incubation, media were removed and the 96-well culture plate was filled with 1% DMSO.…”

“…Further, the effects of EM and Chr on the morphology of cancer cells were examined by a DAPI staining assay [52]. Briefly, after 48 h of treatment, treated (40 µg/mL of EM and Chr) and untreated (control) cells were exposed to ice-cold paraformaldehyde (4%) and Triton X-100.…”