Sol–gel synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite thin films on quartz substrate using dip-coating and spin-coating techniques

Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications

“…With further drying and heat treatment, the gel is then converted into dense ceramic or glass materials [411]. The deposited gels create coatings, films and layers, which commonly are put down using dip coating [412][413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427]; however, other deposition techniques such as spraying or spin coating [415,[427][428][429] are used as well (the details of these techniques are given below).…”

“…To improve their properties, the coated substrates are annealed at temperatures of 400 -1000 °C[380,[412][413][414][415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429]. Depending upon both the Ca/P ratio and the calcining temperature, different CaPO 4 compounds are obtained.…”

Synthesis and characterization of sol–gel derived calcium hydroxyapatite thin films spin-coated on silicon substrate

“…The coatings of calcium hydroxyapatite were synthesized in a wide range of temperatures (500-1500 °C) [25,26]. The crystalline calcium hydroxyapatite films could be fabricated by sol-gel technique at low temperatures on different substrates with long-term stability [20,[27][28][29][30]. In vivo response at bone tissue level predicted that chemical and structural properties of sol-gel derived calcium hydroxyapatite coatings are ideal for their application in biological media [6,31].…”

“…To obtain better interactions between osteoblastic cells different titanium surfaces, such as mirror-polished (smooth-Ti), alumina grit-blasted (alumina-Ti) or biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic grit-blasted (BCP-Ti) for the preparation of CHA films were used [39,40]. Moreover, steel, alumina, glass, zirconia, MgO, quartz and calcite were also used as substrates for the preparation of CHA films [18,23,24,28,29,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Recently, it was demonstrated that silicon-and silver-containing CHA provide enhanced bioactivity and antibacterial properties over pure CHA, respectively [50,51].…”

Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings and Nanocomposites, Part I: Recent Developments and Advancements in Tissue Engineering and Bioimaging

“…All of them were phosphonates having direct P-H bonds [10]. The same sol-gel based nanocoatings technique can also be used -with an appropriate chemistry -to metallic and ceramic implants ( Figure 3) using a range of biocompatible ceramic oxide materials (Al 2 O 3 , partially stabilized zirconia, TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 and SiO 2 ) to increase strength, In addition to using calcium alkoxide, researchers have also synthesized calcium phosphate nanocoatings with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 1000 nm on a number of substrates using calcium acetate [11] and calcium nitrate [12][13][14] as the calcium precursors ( Figure 4). More recently, Mudenda et al [14] studied the microstructure evolution of calcium phosphate nanocoatings approximately 400 nm thick on wet and dry-etched micro-patterned titanium substrates.…”