Sol-gel synthesis and morphology, thermal and optical properties of epoxidized natural rubber/zirconia hybrid films

Mahmood, Wan Ahmad Kamil; Khan, Mohammad Mizanur Rahman; Azarian, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2013.07.002

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For PEG/MMT (1%, 3%, and 5%) nanocomposite, also only one decomposition step was observed, indicating the very good dispersion of MMT nanoclay into the PEG beads. The existence of one stage of degradation in all of the PEG/MMT samples confirms the preparation of homogeneous composites and indicates very good dispersion of MMT clay within the PEG polymer matrix . The maximum degradation temperature of PEG at 412 °C decreased to 402 °C with a 1% addition of MMT clay.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Nanoencapsulation of montmorillonite clay within poly(ethylene glycol) nanobeads by electrospraying

Mahmood

Azarian

Fathilah

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The present study describes the preparation and characterization of a novel nanocomposite, based on montmorillonite clay (MMT) encapsulation in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by an electrospraying process. PEG/MMT nanocomposites with MMT contents ranging from 1 to 5 wt % were successfully prepared and characterized in relation to their morphological, spectroscopic, structural, and thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy micrographs showed that the PEG nanobeads formed spherical shapes, and with increasing amount of MMT clay, the size of the beads decreased significantly, ranging from 120 to 3.7 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that there was no significant chemical interaction between PEG and MMT clay. However, the d‐spacing of MMT clay in PEG/MMT increased, a clear indication of the intercalation of PEG in the interlayer spaces of MMT clay. Furthermore, the thermal stability of PEG polymer decreased upon encapsulation of MMT clay in PEG/MMT composites. Nanoindentation results showed that the hardness and Young's modulus of the PEG/MMT composites increased with 3 wt % loading of MMT. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45048.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Nanoencapsulation of montmorillonite clay within poly(ethylene glycol) nanobeads by electrospraying

Mahmood

Azarian

Fathilah

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Figure 6 shows the Fourier transform infrared spectra of ENR50, CTS and CTS-g-ENR-P1. The characteristic vibrational absorption bands of ENR50: 2961, 2923 and 2856 cm -1 are due to C-H stretchings of the -CH 3 -and -CH 2 -groups, 1660 cm -1 is due the C=C stretching, 1448 and 1376 cm -1 are due to C-H bendings of the -CH 2 -and -CH 3 -groups, 1259 and 1018 cm -1 are due to C-O-C stretching and bending of the epoxy group, 873 cm -1 is due to C-H bending attached to the epoxy group and 837 cm -1 is due to C-H bending attached to the unsaturated carbon [31]. The characteristic bands of CTS: broad band at 3600-3100 cm -1 are due to a combination of O-H and N-H stretchings of the hydroxyl and primary amine groups, 2956 cm -1 is due to the C-H stretching of the -CH 2 -group, 1638 and 1560 cm -1 (overlapped) are due to the N-H bendings of the amide and primary amine groups, broad band at 1080-1033 cm -1 is due the skeletal vibration involving C-O stretching, 896 cm -1 is due the stretching of C-O-C linkage [32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of biopolymers comprising chitosan-grafted-ENR via acid-induced reaction of ENR50 with chitosan

Haris¹,

Raju²

2014

Express Polym. Lett.

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This paper describes the first detailed tailored-approach for the preparation of biopolymers comprising chitosan (CTS) grafted onto the backbone of epoxidized natural rubber (CTS-g-ENR). In a typical experiment, appropriate amount of CTS and AlCl3•6H2O was added to a specified amount of ENR50 (ENR with about 50% epoxy content) dissolved in a dual-solvent consisting of 1,4-dioxane and water (97.5:2.5% v/v) and the resulting mixture refluxed with continuous stirring for 6 hours. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral analysis of a biocomposite, CTS-g-ENR-P1, revealed that its epoxy content is 22.36% which is considerably lower than 44.93% as determined for ENR50-control (ENR50 derivative obtained under similar experimental condition but in the absence of CTS). This means that the grafting of CTS onto the backbone of ENR had occurred. The revelation is affirmed by the presence of the characteristic absorption bands of CTS and ENR, and the appearance of new bands at 1219, 902 and 733 cm–1 in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum of CTS-g-ENR-P1. Further evidence that CTS had been successfully grafted onto the backbone of ENR can be deduced and described in this paper from the data obtained by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetric analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis and Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy

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“…First of all, zirconia was synthesized in-situ within ENR (ENR/Zr) separately by sol-gel reactions. [14] The optical properties of ENR improved after incorporation of zirconia and refractive index increased to 1.513 with minimal light absorbance in the visible region. The prepared fully transparent and flexible ENR/Zr films may be applied as anti-reflection coating in flexible optoelectronic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

In‐situ sol–gel synthesis of zirconia networks in flexible and conductive composite films

Azarian

Mahmood

2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The conductive and stretchable films with improved hardness are suitable for the fabrication of flexible electronic devices. This study describes the sol–gel technique to prepare a novel conductive and flexible film consisting of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR), doped polyaniline (PD) and zirconia. The zirconia networks were directly synthesized in‐situ in ENR/PD solution and flexible conductive composite film with improved hardness was obtained. The morphology study revealed the size of PD decreased significantly from 77.89 ± 43.95 nm to 4.32 ± 1.13 nm and highest electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 10−3 S/cm was achieved with 10 wt.% percolation threshold of zirconia precursor. The binding energy of Zr3d5/2 and Zr3d3/2 decreased, suggesting that zirconia was converted to the lower oxidation state. Furthermore, the shape of PD changed from spherical to rod‐like structure with root mean square value of 2 nm, while the hardness and reduced modulus improved to 1.72 MPa and 36.7 MPa, respectively.

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Sol-gel synthesis and morphology, thermal and optical properties of epoxidized natural rubber/zirconia hybrid films

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Nanoencapsulation of montmorillonite clay within poly(ethylene glycol) nanobeads by electrospraying

Nanoencapsulation of montmorillonite clay within poly(ethylene glycol) nanobeads by electrospraying

Preparation and characterization of biopolymers comprising chitosan-grafted-ENR via acid-induced reaction of ENR50 with chitosan

In‐situ sol–gel synthesis of zirconia networks in flexible and conductive composite films

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