Sol–gel microextraction phases for sample preconcentration in chromatographic analysis

Abstract

Sol-gel technology provides a simple and reliable method for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber preparation through in situ creation of surface-bonded organic-inorganic hybrid coatings characterized by enhanced thermal stability and solvent-resistance properties that are important for the coupling of SPME with GC and HPLC, respectively. The sol-gel coating technology has led to the development of an extensive array of sol-gel sorbent coatings for SPME. In this article, sol-gel microextraction coatings are reviewed, with particular attention on their synthesis, characterization, and applications in conjunction with GC and HPLC analyses. In addition, the development of sol-gel-coated stir bars, their inherent advantages, and applications are discussed. Next, the development and applications of sol-gel capillary microextraction (CME) in hyphenation with GC and HPLC is extensively reviewed. The newly emerging germania- and titania-based sol-gel microextraction phases look promising, especially in terms of pH and hot solvent stability. Finally, sol-gel monolithic beds for CME are reviewed. Such monolithic beds are in a position to greatly improve the extracting capabilities and enhanced sensitivity in CME.

Zirconium(IV) functionalized magnetic nanocomposites for extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from environmental water samples

“…OPPs own the same phosphate moiety as phophopeptides having, and mostly contain one phosphate group, which meant Zr(IV) could be a promising alternative for the extraction of OPPs. The points of view has been demonstrated by the most recent works of Feng group [31] and Turner group [32], in which high extraction recovery for OPPs was obtained with ZrO 2 coated on magnetic Fe 3 O 4 microsphere or fiber, respectively. In this work, a simple way was proposed to prepare Zr(IV) based IMAC material by simply mixing Zr(IV) ions with Fe 3 O 4 -ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid@Zr(IV) (EDTA@Zr(IV) NPs synthesized by one-pot chemical co-precipitation method.…”

Stimulation and release from neurons via a dual capillary collection device interfaced to mass spectrometry

“…In prior efforts to create appropriate volume extraction media collection probes, approaches including sol-gel methods, 36 silica film coating, 37 and polymer monolithic film coating 38 have been used to increase the sorbent volume, instead of direct chemical modification applied on the capillary inner wall with the desired functional groups. Nanoparticles have gained wide application in catalysis, 39 biological assays, 40 and sample pretreatment, 41 where the significant increase of the surface area plays a critical role.…”

Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses

“…93 Furthermore, a pencil lead fiber with a custom-designed unique extraction phase was found to be useful for SPME sampling of trace amounts of methamphetamine from human saliva. 94 In contrast, sol-gel porous silica coatings, 95,96 in which organic structures are deposited onto inorganic polymeric structures, have been introduced to overcome some of the problems of commercial fibers, such as solvent instability and swelling, low operating temperature and stripping of the coating. In the sol-gel coating technique, hydroxyl-terminated siloxane polymers or polymers mixed with polyethylene or polypropylene glycol are bonded to Si-OH groups on the fused-silica surface.…”