Sol-gel glass waveguide and grating on silicon

Najafi, S. Iraj; Touam, Tahar; Sara, Rahmani; Andrews, Mark P.; Fardad, M. A.

doi:10.1109/50.712247

Cited by 139 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The sol-gel based waveguides are based on the addition of photo-polymerizable organics into the sol-gel materials. The waveguides are defined by exposure to ultraviolet light and subsequent processing that is similar to standard photolithography [19]. The direct-write microfabrication technique described here is comparable to sol-gel processing for the waveguides development in terms of effectiveness and cost.…”

Section: Direct-write Fabrication Of Hollow Polymer Waveguide Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain machine interfaces combining microelectrode arrays with nanostructured optical biochemical sensors

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neural microelectrodes are an important component of neural prosthetic systems which assist paralyzed patients by allowing them to operate computers or robots using their neural activity. These microelectrodes are also used in clinical settings to localize the locus of seizure initiation in epilepsy or to stimulate sub-cortical structures in patients with Parkinson's disease. In neural prosthetic systems, implanted microelectrodes record the electrical potential generated by specific thoughts and relay the signals to algorithms trained to interpret these thoughts. In this paper, we describe novel elongated multi-site neural electrodes that can record electrical signals and specific neural biomarkers and that can reach depths greater than 8mm in the sulcus of non-human primates (monkeys). We hypothesize that additional signals recorded by the multimodal probes will increase the information yield when compared to standard probes that record just electropotentials. We describe integration of optical biochemical sensors with neural microelectrodes. The sensors are made using sol-gel derived xerogel thin films that encapsulate specific biomarker responsive luminophores in their nanostructured pores. The desired neural biomarkers are O2, pH, K+, and Na+ ions. As a prototype, we demonstrate direct-write patterning to create oxygen-responsive xerogel waveguide structures on the neural microelectrodes. The recording of neural biomarkers along with electrical activity could help the development of intelligent and more userfriendly neural prosthesis/brain machine interfaces as well as aid in providing answers to complex brain diseases and disorders.

show abstract

Section: Direct-write Fabrication Of Hollow Polymer Waveguide Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain machine interfaces combining microelectrode arrays with nanostructured optical biochemical sensors

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combining organic polymers with inorganic oxides using variations of the sol-gel method has become prevalent for the past 10 years as a means of preparing organic-inorganic hybrid and inorganic glasses [7][8][9][10]. The preparation of the films with high transmission coefficient from infrared to about 220 nm by sol-gel method was considered a successful technique since this way, high quality waveguide devices were obtained intended to applications in integrated optics for telecommunications [11][12]. On the other hand, the sol-gel processes with low processing temperature allows the incorporation of organic polymer networks leading to the formation of organic-inorganic hybrid materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterizations and electro-optical properties of nonlinear optical polyimide/silica hybrid

Qiu¹,

Li²,

Yang³

2007

Express Polym. Lett.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Transparent Nonlinear Optical (NLO) inorganic/organic (polyimide/silica) hybrid composites with covalent links between the inorganic and the organic networks were prepared by the sol-gel method. The silica content in the hybrid films was varied from 0 to 22.5/wt%. The prepared PI hybrids were characterized by IR, UV-Vis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). They exhibited fair good optical transparency. The SiO2 phase was well dispersed in the polymer matrix. DSC and TGA results showed that these hybrid materials had excellent thermal stability. The polymer solutions could be spin coated on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass to form optical quality thin films. The electro-optic coefficients (γ33) at the wavelength of 832 nm for polymer thin films poled were in the range of 19-27 pm/V.

show abstract

“…(18) show that, in fact, the perturbation mode (16) exists only in the case Γ 2 D > 0. It is easy to understand the meaning of the latter condition: the inhomogeneity is attractive in this case, hence it can support the local mode.…”

Section: A the Model Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, taking into regard that the best fiber gratings (used as dispersion compensators in optical telecommunications [15]) have the attenuation rate ≃ 0.2 dB/cm (in hybrid grating waveguides, using glass and a sol-gel material, the attenuation may be lowered to 0.1 dB/cm [16]), it is easy to estimate that a standing soliton will be destroyed during the time < ∼ 5 ns. Therefore, it is necessary to support the trapped soliton by means of a locally applied optical gain, which is tantamount to the above-mentioned soliton trap induced by local gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of a soliton with a localized gain in a fiber Bragg grating

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A model of a lossy nonlinear fiber grating with a "hot spot", which combines a local gain and an attractive perturbation of the refractive index, is introduced. A family of exact solutions for pinned solitons is found in the absence of loss and gain. In the presence of the loss and localized gain, an instability threshold of the zero solution is found. If the loss and gain are small, it is predicted what soliton is selected by the energy-balance condition. Direct simulations demonstrate that only one pinned soliton is stable in the conservative model, and it is a semi − attractor : solitons with a larger energy relax to it via emission of radiation, while those with a smaller energy decay. The same is found for solitons trapped by a pair of repulsive inhomogeneities. In the model with the loss and gain, stable pinned pulses demonstrate persistent internal vibrations and emission of radiation. If these solitons are nearly stationary, the prediction based on the energy balance underestimates the necessary gain by 10 − 15% (due to radiation loss). If the loss and gain are larger, the intrinsic vibrations of the pinned soliton become chaotic. The local gain alone, without the attractive perturbation of the local refractive index, cannot maintain a stable pinned soliton.For collisions of moving solitons with the "hot spot", passage and capture regimes are identified, the capture actually implying splitting of the soliton.

show abstract

Sol-gel glass waveguide and grating on silicon

Cited by 139 publications

References 9 publications

Brain machine interfaces combining microelectrode arrays with nanostructured optical biochemical sensors

Brain machine interfaces combining microelectrode arrays with nanostructured optical biochemical sensors

Synthesis, characterizations and electro-optical properties of nonlinear optical polyimide/silica hybrid

Interaction of a soliton with a localized gain in a fiber Bragg grating

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About