Sol-gel fluxes for flux cored welding consumables

Dunn, P.S.; Natalie, C. A.; Olson, D. L.

doi:10.1007/bf02833342

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The △ quantity is simply the difference between the analyzed and expected compositions in the weld metal and has been used to study slag/metal reactions in several works [6,[10][11][12]. The formula used for calculation is given as follows:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flux composition on the element transfer and mechanical properties of weld metal in submerged arc welding

et al. 2009

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Submerged arc welding was performed using metal-cored wires and fluxes with different compositions. The effects of wire/flux combination on the chemical composition, tensile strength, and impact toughness of the weld metal were investigated and interpreted in terms of element transfer between the slag and the weld metal, i.e., △ quantity. Both carbon and manganese show negative △ quantity in most combinations, indicating the transfer of the elements from the weld metal to the slag during welding. The amount of transfer, however, is different depending on the flux composition. More basic fluxes yield less negative △ C and △ Mn through the reduction of oxygen content in the weld metal and presumably higher Mn activity in the slag, respectively. The transfer of silicon, however, is influenced by Al2O3, TiO2 and ZrO2 contents in the flux. △ Si becomes less negative and reaches a positive value of 0.044 as the oxides contents increase. This is because Al, Ti, and Zr could replace Si in the SiO2 network, leaving more Si free to transfer from the slag to the weld metal. Accordingly, the Pcm index of weld metals calculated from chemical compositions varies from 0.153 to 0.196 depending on the wire/flux combination, and it almost has a linear relationship with the tensile strength of the weld metal.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flux composition on the element transfer and mechanical properties of weld metal in submerged arc welding

et al. 2009

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“…Although CaO is considered to be a stable oxide [26, 27] it can pick up moisture due to its hygroscopic nature [2, 6, 14, 15, 28] and thus is responsible for increase in oxygen content in weld‐metal. In addition, CaO and CaF 2 can reduce the viscosity of fluxes, causing the slag to be more fluid, which can result in entrainment of air within the arc cavity and finally gives rise to high oxygen content [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of submerged arc weld‐metal composition from flux ingredients with the help of statistical design of mixture experiment

Kanjilal¹,

Majumdar

Pal

2004

Scand Jof Metallurgy

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A prediction model has been developed for submerged arc weld-metal chemical composition in terms of flux ingredients with the help of statistical experiments for mixture (extreme vertices design). Bead-on-plate weld deposits as per statistical mixture design experiments were performed at the following welding parameters: current (400 A), voltage (26 V), speed (4.65 mm/s) and electrode extension (30 mm) using CaO-MgO-CaF 2 -Al 2 O 3 flux system. The results show that some of the individual flux ingredients and their binary mixtures have a predominant effect on weld-metal oxygen, manganese, silicon, sulphur, nickel and carbon content. The predicted results show a reasonably good agreement with the experimental results, which were obtained by performing the actual experiments based on a randomly designed flux. Analysis of the experimental data indicate that several mechanisms such as basicity index, oxygen potential, oxide stability, viscosity, electrode chemical reaction, kinetics of slag-metal reaction, etc. are operating simultaneously to yield the final weld-metal composition.

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Comparison of Gel-derived and Conventional Ceramics

Brinker

Scherer

1990

Sol-Gel Science

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Sol-gel fluxes for flux cored welding consumables

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of flux composition on the element transfer and mechanical properties of weld metal in submerged arc welding

Effects of flux composition on the element transfer and mechanical properties of weld metal in submerged arc welding

Prediction of submerged arc weld‐metal composition from flux ingredients with the help of statistical design of mixture experiment

Comparison of Gel-derived and Conventional Ceramics

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