Sol-gel Er-doped SiO2–HfO2 planar waveguides: A viable system for 1.5 μm application

Abstract

70SiO 2 – 30HfO 2 planar waveguides, doped with Er3+ concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 1 mol %, were prepared by sol-gel route, using dip-coating deposition on silica glass substrates. The waveguides show high densification degree, effective intermingling of the two components of the film, and uniform surface morphology. Propagation losses of about 1 dB/cm were measured at 632.8 nm. When pumped with 987 or 514.5 nm continuous-wave laser light, the waveguides show the I413/2→I415/2 emission band with a bandwidth of 48 nm. The spectral features are found independent both on erbium content and excitation wavelength. The I413/2 level decay curves presented a single-exponential profile, with a lifetime between 2.9 and 5.0 ms, depending on the erbium concentration.

Red photonic glasses and confined structures

“…As far as the role of hafnia concentration on the spectroscopic properties is concerned, we observed that the bandwidth of the 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 emission is practically independent on the composition of the waveguide. This is due to the fact that HfO 2 promotes a disruption of the silica network, as we proved by Raman measurements [9,22,23]. As a consequence, Hf 4+ increases the number of Si-O non-bridging groups accounting for a general network flexibility, which may accommodate Er 3+ contents without appreciable matrix strains.…”

“…We give a short overview of some interesting struc-tures at nano-and microscale, where the luminescence of the rare earth ions can be tailored or enhanced playing with the energy transfer mechanism and controlling the average spatial distribution of the lanthanides. Very briefly we will remind rare-earth-activated amorphous waveguide structures that represent the consolidated cornerstone in a wide number of technological applications such as integrated optical amplifiers, laser systems, and very recently solar energy converters [8][9][10]. Then we introduce some significant aspects of glass ceramics and we close the paper mentioning some highlights about microresonators and microcavities.…”

Desenvolvimento de materiais nanoestruturados à base de óxido de nióbio para aplicação em fotônica

“…Assim na literatura são relatados diversos materiais utilizando esse método de preparo, dentre eles guias de onda e nanocompósitos à base de SiO 2 (ORIGNAC et al, 1999;GONCALVES et al, 2002;ZAMPEDRI et al, 2003;ALMEIDA et al, 2004;GONÇALVES et al, 2004;ALMEIDA et al, 2005;ZAMPEDRI et al, 2007;GONÇALVES, GUIMARÃES, et al, 2008;GONÇALVES, MESSADDEQ, et al, 2008;FERRARI et al, 2010;CHIAPPINI et al, 2011;FERRARI, J. L. et al, 2011;FERRARI, JEFFERSON L. et al, 2011;CUNHA et al, 2012;FERRARI et al, 2012 …”

“…In the specific case of optical amplifiers for telecommunication application, it could be concluded that the most adequate properties were observed on the (DESURVIRE et al, 1987;MEARS et al, 1987 VAN DER ENDE et al, 2009;LAHOZ et al, 2011), telas (MACIEL et al, 2000GOUVEIA-NETO et al, 2008;CAO et al, 2012) e marcadores biológicos (VETRONE et al, 2009;BOGDAN et al, 2011;HAASE e SCHÄFER, 2011) (BALDA et al, 2008;SIMPSON, 2008;XIE et al, 2011;LI et al, 2012 PANDOZZI et al, 2005;WATEKAR et al, 2005;SIMPSON et al, 2008;XIE et al, 2011). Na literatura também são reportadas as codopagens de íons Tm 3+ e Er 3+ em matrizes com baixa energia de fônon tais como vidros teluritos, germanatos, oxifluoretos entre outras, a fim de se obter um alargamento de banda (MATTARELLI et al, 2005;TIKHOMIROV et al, 2008;MONTEIRO et al, 2013 (RIGHINI et al, 2002;ZAMPEDRI et al, 2003;ALMEIDA et al, 2004;ALMEIDA et al, 2005 também tem sido reportados na literatura (GONCALVES et al, 2002;GONÇALVES et al, 2004;ZAMPEDRI et al, 2004;BERNESCHI et al, 2011).…”

Desenvolvimento de materiais nanoestruturados à base de SiO2-Nb2O5 preparados por uma nova rota sol-gel com aplicações em fotônica

“…O valor de FWHM de 52 nm para o nanocompósito amorfo (tratado a 700 °C) é comparável a vidros à base de sílica preparados por sol-gel, tais como 70SiO2-30HfO2 (GONÇALVES et al, 2002;GONÇALVES et al, 2004;ZAMPEDRI et al, 2004). Valores similares também são relatados em vidros teluritos codopados com íons Er 3+ e Yb 3+ (LEAL et al, 2015;MAHESHVARAN et al, 2015 …”