Sol–gel combustion synthesis of BNBT powders

Enhanced properties for ultrasonic transduction, phase transitions and thermal depoling in 0.96(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-0.04BaTiO3 submicrometre-structured ceramics

“…(1-x) (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 )TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 with x=0.04 (BNBT4) nanometric powder was synthesized by a citrate, nitrate sol-gel auto-combustion method, as explained elsewhere [13]. In this process, the pure perovskite phase is directly obtained by heating the gel at 500ºC.…”

“…Sol-gel combustion synthesis [13] provides highly reactive nanopowder at moderate synthesis temperature (500⁰C). Dense, submicron structured BNBT6 ceramics with good stoichiometry and properties that can be compared with those of coarse grain ceramics have been obtained by hot-pressing powder produced by sol-gel combustion and further recrystallization at T≤1050⁰C [14,15].…”

Electromechanical Anisotropy at the Ferroelectric to Relaxor Transition of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 Ceramics from the Thermal Evolution of Resonance Curves

“…Ceramics were prepared from autocombustion sol-gel nanopowders synthesized at 500 • C, from acetate and nitrates, as explained elsewhere [18]. Pressed pellets were sintered in two steps using moderate maximum temperatures (1050 • C for 1-2 h) to avoid loss of volatiles.…”

“…The sample holder and the temperature control were specially designed for this application. The 16 • C corresponds to room temperature, after that a 5 • C step was used starting from 35 • C up to 105 • C, since in the first interval (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) • C) the variation is irrelevant to the aim of the work.…”

Synthesis of Ferroelectric Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 by MSS (Molten Salt Synthesis) Method

“…The ferroelectric ceramic powders are synthesized trough conventional solid -state method which needs high calcination temperature and repeated grindings (Lu et al, 2010). In order to eliminate these defects, the wet chemical synthesis techniques have been developed, for instance hydrothermal method (Cho et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2009), sol -gel method (Xu et al, 2006;Mercadelli et al, 2008), and molten salt method (Zeng et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009). But the hydrothermal and sol -gel synthesis are usually long and complex processes, use hazardous solvents such as 2-methoxyethanol, and result in agglomerated particles (Bortolani & Dorey, 2010).…”