Sol-Gel Applications in Textile Finishing Processes

Abstract

In the chapter, sol-gel applications in textile finishing process such as flame retardancy, water, oil repellency, ultraviolet (UV) protection, self-cleaning, and antibacterial and antiwrinkle processes are reviewed. Sol-gel technology is well known in materials, metallurgy, ceramic, and glass industry since 1960 and has been researched in textile industry in the last decade. Sol-gel technology has some advantages when compared to conventional textile finishing process. Sol-gel technology, which is a method applied to the inorganic metal alkoxide or metal salts to organic textile materials, could impart the high, durable activity and multifunctional properties to different textile materials in the same bath at one step using low concentration of precursors. In addition, sol-gel technology presents alternatively economical, ecological, and environmental friendly process due to one-step application, using low concentration of chemicals, nonhalogenated chemicals, and nonformaldehyde release when compared to conventional processes.

Antimicrobial properties of viscose yarns ring-spun with integrated amino-functionalized nanocellulose

“…Conventionally, such antimicrobial agents are applied to the textile substrates by exhausting (Ali Elshafei & El-Zanfaly 2011;Ganesan and Vardhini 2015), padding (Xu et al 2018;Rajendra et al 2010), spraying (Sataev et al 2014;Jahani et al 2018) or foam coating (Song et al 2013;Nayak & Padhye 2015), providing a uniform film on the surface as a mono or multi-layer assembly process (Hui & Debiemme-Chouvy 2013;Ugur et al 2016;Chen et al 2016), being attached by a physical or chemical approach using, e.g., click (Sun et al 2019), polymerization-graft (Hui and Debiemme-Chouvy 2013;He et al 2016) and sol-gel (Camlibel and Arik 2017;Poli et al 2015;Mahltig and Textor 2010;Liu et al 2012) chemistry approach, or UV irradiation (Ferrero et al 2015;Periolatto et al 2012), thus resulting in a sustainable and durable antimicrobial finish. On the other hand, in the case of synthetic or man-made fibers, the antimicrobial agents are incorporated into the polymer solution physically, which is spun into the filaments or fibers by extrusion.…”

An overview of the science and art of encapsulated pigments: Preparation, performance and application

“…45 The only drawback of the sol-gel process is the relatively high cost of the precursor materials. 46 The chemical solution deposition during the sol-gel process entails hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions, followed by gelation, ageing, drying, densification and crystallisation, 42 as shown in Figure 4.…”

Sustainable Secondary-Raw Materials, Natural Substances and Eco-Friendly Nanomaterial-Based Approaches for Improved Surface Performances: An Overview of What They Are and How They Work

“…The sol–gel reaction, fabric impregnation process, chemical grafting, layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, and other surface modification technologies are examples [ 139 , 140 , 141 ]. Among the aforementioned fabric finishing techniques, sol–gel technology has been widely used and adopted in a variety of industries due to its gentle reaction conditions, high efficiency, cheap cost, and environmental friendliness [ 142 ]. As a matter of fact, the sol–gel technique represents an eco-friendly method of functionalizing fabric surfaces by depositing a thin layer with specific physical properties, chemical stability and optical transparency, thus representing an advantageous technology over the ones currently available for the introduction of specific functionality onto textile fabrics.…”