Soils With Placic Horizons on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Lavkulich, L. M.; Bhoojedhur, Seewant; Rowles, C. A.

doi:10.4141/cjss71-059

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Climate appears to play a major role in that placic horizons are observed in soils with extremely high precipitation, ranging from 2400 to 3900 mm yr~ and averaging 3200 mm (Lavkulich et al, 1971;Valentine, 1969;Shoji et al, 1988;Ping et al, 1989;Hseu et al, 1999;Pinheiro et al, 2004;Wu and Chen, 2005;Schawe et al, 2007). This is the same as the 3200 mm yr~ recorded for the seven soils with placic horizons in the USA (Table 4).…”

Section: Placic Horizonssupporting

confidence: 49%

“…In Europe placic horizons occurred in areas where the groundwater was <70 cm from the soil surface (Kaczorek et al, 2004). Soils with placic horizons occur in one of three predominant vegetation types; tropical montane forest (Pinheiro et al, 2004;Wu and Chen, 2005;Schawe et al, 2007), western conifers (Valentine, 1969;Shoji et al, 1988;Ping et al, 1989), or bog (Crampton, 1963Lavkulich et al, 1971;Lapen and Wang, 1999). Ofthe seven soil series with a placic horizon examined in this study, three support western conifers and four feature tropical montane forest (data not shown).…”

Section: Placic Horizonsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…No bulk density values were available from the NRCS dataset, but values from the literature ranged widely from 1.00 to 2.20 with most values around 1.70 g m""-^ (Lavkulich et al, 1971;Ping et al, 1989;Hseu et al, 1999;Wu and Chen, 2005).…”

Section: Placicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soils with ortstein have been tepotted throughout the world, including eastetn and western Canada (Lavkulich et al, 1971;Lapen and Wang, 1999), Finland (Yli-Halla et al, 2006), Great Britain, Getmany and Poland (Kaczorek et al, 2004), Russia (Katavayeva, 1968), and in tropical regions such as northern Queensland, Australia (Farmer et al, 1983) and the People's Republic of Congo (Schwattz, 1988). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Genesis of Ortstein and Placic Horizons in Soils of the USA: A Review

Bockheim

2011

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. j.

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Soils with ortstein cover 2.2 million ha in the USA, 87% of which occur in Michigan and Florida. Of the 650 soils in the National Soil Survey database ckssified as Spodosols. 47 contain sufficient ortstein to be cla.ssified in the ortstein rupture-resistance class; another 42 soils contain materials that are <50% cemented and, therefore, not officially recognized as ortstein. Well-developed ortstein averages 41 cm in thickness and is moderately cemented, dense (bulk density 1.60 g cm" ). massive, very firm to extremely firm, predominantly in sandy particle-size classes, and may contain living roots. Because soils with and without ortstein often occur on the same landforms, soils containing >5% ortstein (89 series) were compared with geographically associated and competing soil series (59) that lack ortstein. using analysis of variance. Soils with ortstein occur on lesser slopes {p = 0.001 ) and at lower elevations {p = 0.015) than soils without ortstein. The lower depth boundary and thickness of the spodic horizon wete significantly greater {p = 0.001 ) in soils with ortstein than in those without ortstein. The data suggest that soil water transporting cementing materials (Fe, Al, Si, and dissolved organic C) moves more slowly in landscape positions where ortstein eventually forms than in those whete it is absent. However, ortstein is not restricted to soils with poor drainage as only 39% of the soils with ortstein have an aquic soil moisture regime. From a weight-of-evidence assessment, ortstein is cemented by Al-organic complexes and short-range-ordet compounds, and placic horizons ate cemented by Fe as ferrihydrite or as Fe-organic complexes.

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Section: Placic Horizonssupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Placic Horizonsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Placicmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Genesis of Ortstein and Placic Horizons in Soils of the USA: A Review

Bockheim

2011

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. j.

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“…Morphologically, placic horizons are generally irregular or involuted in appearance and are most often cemented by Fe and/or manganese (Mn;McKeague et al, 1968;Moore, 1976;Sanborn et al, 2011). The mechanism of placic horizon formation is not fully understood, but may be caused by the precipitation of metals in response to a change in redox, pH, and/or texture or by the precipitation of organo-metal complexes (Lavkulich et al, 1971;McKeague et al, 1983;Lapen and Wang, 1999). Ortstein horizons are thicker, cemented Podzolic B horizons that cover greater than one-third of the exposed pedon face, and are cemented by humic materials, Fe, or Al, depending on which podzolization mechanisms are active.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of long-term soil development and phosphorus dynamics in a hypermaritime chronosequence, Calvert Island, British Columbia, Canada

Nelson¹

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This thesis examines soil development, phosphorus (P) dynamics and ecosystem succession in an aeolian sand dune chronosequence spanning 10,760 years on Calvert Island, in hypermaritime coastal British Columbia, Canada. After 100 years of soil development, thick forest floors have developed (~28 cm), and after ~3,500 years mature Podzols have formed with cemented placic and ortstein horizons. With increasing soil age, mineral soil total P declines linearly and organic P forms become increasingly dominant, with glycerophosphates dominating organic horizons, and inositol hexakisphosphates and DNA dominating mineral horizons on the older sites. After 7,000 years, ecosystem retrogressiona long-term decline in biomass-is suggested by reduced tree basal area and a shift towards shrubby, more stress-tolerant species such as Pinus contorta var contorta and Tsuga mertensiana. Retrogression in the Calvert Island chronosequence is most likely caused by formation of cemented horizons and declining soil P reserves, though further investigation is needed. iii

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Ortstein and Placic Horizons

Bockheim

2014

Soil Geography of the USA

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Soils With Placic Horizons on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Distribution and Genesis of Ortstein and Placic Horizons in Soils of the USA: A Review

Distribution and Genesis of Ortstein and Placic Horizons in Soils of the USA: A Review

Examination of long-term soil development and phosphorus dynamics in a hypermaritime chronosequence, Calvert Island, British Columbia, Canada

Ortstein and Placic Horizons

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