Soils of The Lower Cook Group

Grange, Luciana; Bull, J. P. Fox

doi:10.1097/00010694-195403000-00017

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Heating releases inorganic phosphorus that was previously unavailable (Fieldes et al 1953;Grange and Fox 1953) and this effect increases with increasing temperature to 600 "C ( Table 3). The surface of the soil heated at 600°C was baked orange-red, indicating that haematite had been formed.…”

Section: Table 6 Temperatures Measured In Soil To Various Depths Undmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ash-Bed Effect in Eucalyptus regnans Forest: Chemical, Physical and Microbiological Changes in Soil After Heating or Partial Sterilisation

Chambers¹,

Attiwill²

1994

Aust. J. Bot.

116

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The ash-bed effect-the enhanced growth of plants on soil which has been heated-following fire in Eucalyptus regnans forest is dramatic. This paper investigates the effects of a range of heating and partial sterilisation treatments on chemical, microbiological and physical properties in soil from 250year-old E. regnans forest. Soil treatments not involving heat (chemical sterilisation, y-irradiation and air-drying) and the lower temperature heat treatments (100°C and 200°C) had no marked effects on physical characteristics. All treatments produced more or less similar effects on microbial populations. On the other hand, heating the soil to 400-600°C produced large, significant and sustained increases in the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus and these increases are enhanced by a decrease in clay colloid. The results support the hypothesis that the ash-bed effect following fire in E. regnans forest is due to an increase in the availability of nutrients, and in the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in particular. A transitory increase in the concentration of manganese caused by heating the soil may account for initial toxicity in plants grown in soils which have been heated. Since species within the subgenus Monocalyptus are characterised by lower tissue concentrations of manganese than those within Symphyomyrtus, it could be hypothesised that the potential for toxicity following bushfire varies between the two subgenera. The literature on the effects of soil-sterilising treatments is highly variable; the causes of variability include soil type and moisture content, treatment (sterilising by steam, chemicals or heat) and the method of treatment (time, how the soil was contained, how the treatment was applied).

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Section: Table 6 Temperatures Measured In Soil To Various Depths Undmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ash-Bed Effect in Eucalyptus regnans Forest: Chemical, Physical and Microbiological Changes in Soil After Heating or Partial Sterilisation

Chambers¹,

Attiwill²

1994

Aust. J. Bot.

116

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“…Soils on the Nikao Gravels were divided into four types by Grange and Fox (1953), and show variations in weathering depending on whether they are on low terraces (younger Nikao), higher terraces (olrer Nikao), or fans. The Nikao and Tikioki Clay Loams of Grange and Fox occur on older fans and terraces, the Pouara and Matavera Clay Loams on the younger fans and terraces.…”

Section: Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology of the Cook Islands

Wood¹

1967

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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The geology of the 15 Cook Islands in the south-central Pacific is briefly described and their geological history outlined. All are the summit portions of extinct Tertiary volcanoes; six of the seven Northern Group islands are atolls, four of the Southern Group are makatea-type islands, and the others include a high mountainous volcanic island, a hilly near-atoll, an atoll, and a sand cay. Radiometric ages from Rarotonga are Late Pliocene, foraminifera from the makatea (raised coral reef) of Mangaia are Oligocene or Miocene, and much of the limestone underlying the atolls is probably middle Tertiary.

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“…If such was the case Norfolk Island might have been expected to resemble more closely the symmetrical islands described by Marshall (1927Marshall ( , 1930 and the subsequent soil maps thereof by Grange and Fox (1953). Although similar processes to those described by Marshall were unquestionably involved, if at different intensities, there is evident need to invoke additional geomorphic processes, namely, one or more of coastline faulting, volcanic explosion, makatea destruction and subsequent marine coastal erosion, and cessation of coral growth.…”

Section: The Geomorphic and Pedologic Successionmentioning

confidence: 77%