Soils and soil organic matter transformations during the two years after a low-intensity surface fire (Subpolar Ural, Russia)

Дымов, А. А.; Startsev, V. V.; Milanovsky, E.Y.; Valdes-Korovkin, I. A.; Farkhodov, Yu. R.; Yudina, Anna; Donnerhack, Oliver; Guggenberger, Georg

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115278

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In this sense, stand evolution leads to variations in the woody debris stock, indicating nutrient shedding via litter fall and, consequently, an increase in soil organic matter content in relatively well-developed stands [24]. In general, changes in soil or host tree status may change fungal associations, including their community structures [25][26][27][28]. Thus, macrofungal species observed in plantations could be early-stage fungi, which develop from the spore bank present in the soil before the development of the stand, and late-stage fungi, whose fruiting is enhanced by the new conditions [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of Matured Trees to Conserve Fungal Diversity and Edible Sporocarps from Short-Rotation Pinus radiata Plantations in Ethiopia

Dejene

Worku

Martín‐Pinto

2021

JoF

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This study is conducted in the short-rotation plantations from the Afromontane Region of Ethiopia. Sporocarps were sampled weekly in a set of permanent plots (100 m2) in young, medium-aged, and mature Pinus radiata (Don) plantations. Fungal richness, diversity, and sporocarp yields were estimated. Composite soil samples were also collected from each plot to determine explanatory edaphic variables for taxa composition. We collected 92 fungal taxa, of which 8% were ectomycorrhizal (ECM). Taxa richness, the Shannon diversity index, and ECM species richness were higher in mature stands. Interestingly, 26% of taxa were classified as edible. Sporocarp yield showed increasing trends towards matured stands. OM and C/N ratio significantly affected fungal composition and sporocarp production. The deliberate retention of mature trees in a patch form rather than clear felling of the plantations could be useful to conserve and promote fungal diversity and production, including valuable taxa such as Morchella, Suillus, and Tylopilus in older stands. This approach has important implications for forest floor microhabitats, which are important for macrofungal occurrence and production. Thus, this strategy could improve the economic outputs of these plantations in the Afromontane Region, while the mature trees could serve as a bridge for providing fungal inocula to the new plantations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention of Matured Trees to Conserve Fungal Diversity and Edible Sporocarps from Short-Rotation Pinus radiata Plantations in Ethiopia

Dejene

Worku

Martín‐Pinto

2021

JoF

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“…The strong alteration of char layer C : N relative to prefire fuel is comparable to results from studies that have incorporated similar pyro-genic layers that are observed to be a mixture of organic or inorganic material types across broad ranges of combustion completeness (Bodí et al, 2014). For example, the C : N ratio in a pyrogenic layer 1 year after a low-intensity Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) forest surface fire in Russia was 31.4 (prefire 49.1), which is much lower than the 43.8 C : N ratio (prefire 39.4) observed the day after an experimental highintensity jack pine crown fire in Canada (Dymov et al, 2021;Santín et al, 2016), further suggesting general differences in thermolability of soil C and N under regionally varied characteristic heating regimes.…”

Section: Soil Restructuringmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Here, char is defined as fully blackened, brittle material with apparent high heat exposure due to fire. This separation was made based on large observed differences in C and N concentrations in surface pyrogenic layers compared to lower residual layers in similar ecosystems (Santín et al, 2016;Dymov et al, 2021;Bodí et al, 2014).…”

Section: Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, climate has been observed to have a conditioning effect on fuel chemical composition through its control over vegetation characteristics and the decomposition state of their detrital inputs, which are often represented by the C : N weight ratio in soils ( Vanhala et al, 2008;Kohl et al, 2018). Fuel chemical composition, arrangement, moisture content, applied heat, and oxygen availability in turn have all been related to the efficiency of the combustion reaction during fire and therefore emission chemistry and the charring of remaining fuel, which can form a surface pyrogenic layer with C and N weight concen-trations that differ from the original material (Santín et al, 2016;Dymov et al, 2021;Schmidt and Noack, 2000). Production of charred material is an innately fire-driven process and a representative measure of these interrelated effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire

2022

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Abstract. The boreal forest landscape covers approximately 10 % of the earth's land area and accounts for almost 30 % of the global annual terrestrial sink of carbon (C). Increased emissions due to climate-change-amplified fire frequency, size, and intensity threaten to remove elements such as C and nitrogen (N) from forest soil and vegetation at rates faster than they accumulate. This may result in large areas within the region becoming a net source of greenhouse gases, creating a positive feedback loop with a changing climate. Meter-scale estimates of area-normalized fire emissions are limited in Eurasian boreal forests, and knowledge of their relation to climate and ecosystem properties is sparse. This study sampled 50 separate Swedish wildfires, which occurred during an extreme fire season in 2018, providing quantitative estimates of C and N loss due to fire along a climate gradient. Mean annual precipitation had strong positive effects on total fuel, which was the strongest driver for increasing C and N losses. Mean annual temperature (MAT) influenced both pre- and postfire organic layer soil bulk density and C : N ratio, which had mixed effects on C and N losses. Significant fire-induced loss of C estimated in the 50 plots was comparable to estimates in similar Eurasian forests but approximately a quarter of those found in typically more intense North American boreal wildfires. N loss was insignificant, though a large amount of fire-affected fuel was converted to a low C : N surface layer of char in proportion to increased MAT. These results reveal large quantitative differences in C and N losses between global regions and their linkage to the broad range of climate conditions within Fennoscandia. A need exists to better incorporate these factors into models to improve estimates of global emissions of C and N due to fire in future climate scenarios. Additionally, this study demonstrated a linkage between climate and the extent of charring of soil fuel and discusses its potential for altering C and N dynamics in postfire recovery.

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“…The direction in which carbon stocks in soils will change will depend on how the mechanisms of soil organic matter stabilization respond to warming, an increase in nitrogen input and the amount of plant residues in the soil [4]. In this regard, studies of the stabilized organic matter of forest mineral soils in Russia are of great interest for a molecular understanding of the forms of storage of carbon compounds [5,6]. The latter is necessary to predict the resistance of organic matter to decomposition processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental and Molecular Composition of Humic Acids Isolated from Soils of Tallgrass Temperate Rainforests (Chernevaya taiga) by 1H-13C HECTCOR NMR Spectroscopy

et al. 2021

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The soils of Chernevaya taiga (tallgrass fir-aspen hemiboreal rainforest) have high fertility in comparison with oligotrophic analogs formed in boreal taiga. We have studied humic acids isolated from the soils of Chernevaya and oligotrophic taiga in the Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo and the Altai regions of Russia and for the first time the structural and molecular composition of humic acids was determined using 13C CP/MAS and 1H-13C HETCOR NMR spectroscopy. According to data obtained in this study, up to 48% of aromatic compounds accumulate in the soils of Chernevaya taiga, which is higher than in the oligotrophic taiga and comparable with this rate of steppe Chernozems. In the course of active processes of transformation of organic matter, a significant number of aromatic fragments accumulates in the middle horizons of soil profiles. Using 13C CP/MAS spectroscopy, it was possible to identify the main structural fragments (aliphatic and aromatic) that formed in humic acids of the Chernevaya taiga. The HETCOR experiment made it possible to accurately determine the boundaries of chemical shifts of the main groups of structural fragments of humic acids. Our results demonstrate that the stabilization of organic compounds occurs in the soil of the Chernevaya taiga, which leads to the resistance of organic matter to biodegradation that is not typical for benchmark soils of boreal environments.

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Soils and soil organic matter transformations during the two years after a low-intensity surface fire (Subpolar Ural, Russia)

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Retention of Matured Trees to Conserve Fungal Diversity and Edible Sporocarps from Short-Rotation Pinus radiata Plantations in Ethiopia

Retention of Matured Trees to Conserve Fungal Diversity and Edible Sporocarps from Short-Rotation Pinus radiata Plantations in Ethiopia

Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire

Elemental and Molecular Composition of Humic Acids Isolated from Soils of Tallgrass Temperate Rainforests (Chernevaya taiga) by 1H-13C HECTCOR NMR Spectroscopy

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