Soilborne microorganisms of Euphorbia are potential biological control agents of the invasive weed leafy spurge

Kremer, Robert J.; Caesar, A. J.; Souissi, T.

doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2004.12.009

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another source of invasive pathogens may be due to biological control of invasive weeds. One of the few examples is the use of soil-borne pathogens from the native range of the weed Euphorbia esula-virgata to control it in its new range (Kremer et al, 2006). However, these introduced enemies might be worse than the problem that they are intended to solve, for example, when they hybridize with local pathogens, or (as has been shown for introduced plague insects) switch to native hosts.…”

Section: Invasive Plants and Soil Microbial Parasites And Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology of biological invasions

2007

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Invasive microbes, plants and animals are a major threat to the composition and functioning of ecosystems; however, the mechanistic basis of why exotic species can be so abundant and disruptive is not well understood. Most studies have focused on invasive plants and animals, although few have considered the effects of invasive microbes, or interactions of invasive plant and animal species with microbial communities. Here, we review effects of invasive plants on soil microbial communities and discuss consequences for plant performance, plant community structure and ecosystem processes. In addition, we briefly discuss effects of invasive soil microbes on plant communities, which has been less well studied, and effects of invasive animals on soil decomposers and ecosystem functioning. We do this by considering each of three important functional groups of microbes, namely soil microbial parasites and pathogens, mutualistic symbionts and decomposers. We conclude that invasive plants, pathogenic and symbiotic soil microbes will have strongest effects on the abundance of individual species, community diversity and ecosystem functioning. Invasive decomposer microbes probably have little impact, because of limited specificity and great functional redundancy. However, invasive plants and animals can have major effects on microbial decomposition in soil. We propose that understanding, predicting and counteracting consequences of enhanced global homogenization of natural communities through introducing exotic plants, animals and microbes will require future studies on how pathogenic, symbiotic and decomposer soil microbes interact, how they are influenced by higher trophic level organisms and how their combined effects are influencing the composition and functioning of ecosystems.

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Section: Invasive Plants and Soil Microbial Parasites And Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial ecology of biological invasions

2007

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“…Bradshaw (1998) emphasized 3 principal issues for consideration before plants are reintroduced for community restoration, including: 1) amending the physical habitat (e.g., soil texture, structure, stability, and moisture); 2) amending the chemical components (e.g., macro-and micronutrients, pH, heavy metals, and salinity); and 3) removing exotic plant species. Examples include the successful restoration of salt marsh ecosystems in the eastern United States where native grasses were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to establish species cover and stabilize salinity levels (McHugh and Dighton 2004), clear-cut forests along the northwestern coast of the United States where soil inoculation from uncut forest was used to improve tree growth and survival (Perry et al 1989), pre-inoculation of planted grasses with AMF to increase growth and survival in abandoned agricultural fields in Arizona (Richer and Stutz 2002), and the use of soil pathogens to control invasive plant species (Kremer et al 2006). Examples include the successful restoration of salt marsh ecosystems in the eastern United States where native grasses were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to establish species cover and stabilize salinity levels (McHugh and Dighton 2004), clear-cut forests along the northwestern coast of the United States where soil inoculation from uncut forest was used to improve tree growth and survival (Perry et al 1989), pre-inoculation of planted grasses with AMF to increase growth and survival in abandoned agricultural fields in Arizona (Richer and Stutz 2002), and the use of soil pathogens to control invasive plant species (Kremer et al 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species

Faber¹,

Markham²

2012

Ecological Restoration

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Interactions between plants and soil microbes are increasingly recognized as an important component in the functioning of ecosystems. Because these interactions affect and are affected by soil abiotic conditions, restoration efforts must consider the interactions between the plant community, the soil community, and the soil abiotic conditions. We sampled soil from 20 independently restored tallgrass prairies and 8 natural prairie remnants in southern Manitoba. Soils from the restored sites had 4.5 times higher phosphate levels than soils from the remnants. In whole soil assays, big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii ) and Culver's root (Veronicastrum virginicum) had significantly greater growth in soil from the remnant sites. A second growth assay using sterile and inoculated soil from a subset of these sites showed that while big bluestem benefited from soil biota on both remnants and restored sites, the effect was twice as strong on the remnant sites. Our results suggest that plants on restored prairies are less reliant on soil microbes due to the higher fertility found within their soils. Our data suggests that like other ecosystems, residual high fertility in tallgrass prairies may facilitate invasion by non-native plants.

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“…Future PSF studies that test multiple species across defense syndromes (Dalling et al, ) under different environmental conditions will increase our ability to predict when and if seeds will succumb to PSFs, and if they play a role in maintaining aboveground plant diversity. Ultimately, characterizing negative PSFs on seeds, particularly in the field, and predicting their magnitude based on seed traits could prove useful for maximizing diversity in restoration (Kardol & Wardle, ; Kremer, Caesar, & Souissi, ) and predicting the impact of global changes on PSFs (van der Putten et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant‐driven changes in soil microbial communities influence seed germination through negative feedbacks

Miller

Perron

Collins

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) drive plant community diversity via interactions between plants and soil microbes. However, we know little about how frequently PSFs affect plants at the seed stage, and the compositional shifts in fungi that accompany PSFs on germination. We conducted a pairwise PSF experiment to test whether seed germination was differentially impacted by conspecific versus heterospecific soils for seven grassland species. We used metagenomics to characterize shifts in fungal community composition in soils conditioned by each plant species. To investigate whether changes in the abundance of certain fungal taxa were associated with multiple PSFs, we assigned taxonomy to soil fungi and identified putative pathogens that were significantly more abundant in soils conditioned by plant species that experienced negative or positive PSFs. We observed negative, positive, and neutral PSFs on seed germination. Although conspecific and heterospecific soils for pairs with significant PSFs contained host‐specialized soil fungal communities, soils with specialized microbial communities did not always lead to PSFs. The identity of host‐specialized pathogens, that is, taxa uniquely present or significantly more abundant in soils conditioned by plant species experiencing negative PSFs, overlapped among plant species, while putative pathogens within a single host plant species differed depending on the identity of the heterospecific plant partner. Finally, the magnitude of feedback on germination was not related to the degree of fungal community differentiation between species pairs involved in negative PSFs. Synthesis. Our findings reveal the potential importance of PSFs at the seed stage. Although plant species developed specialized fungal communities in rhizosphere soil, pathogens were not strictly host‐specific and varied not just between plant species, but according to the identity of plant partner. These results illustrate the complexity of microbe‐mediated interactions between plants at different life stages that next‐generation sequencing can begin to unravel.

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Soilborne microorganisms of Euphorbia are potential biological control agents of the invasive weed leafy spurge

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Microbial ecology of biological invasions

Microbial ecology of biological invasions

Biotic and Abiotic Effects of Remnant and Restoration Soils on the Performance of Tallgrass Prairie Species

Plant‐driven changes in soil microbial communities influence seed germination through negative feedbacks

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