Soil Water Matric Potential Requirements for Root-Hair and Cortical Infection of Chinese Cabbage by<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>

Dobson, Ronald M.

doi:10.1094/phyto-72-1598

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Various environmental factors such as soil moisture (Dobson et al, 1982) and temperature (Gabrielson and Robak, 1988) affect the occurrence of clubroot disease, and it is very difficult to conduct different sets of experiment under equal conditions even in greenhouse pot experiments. The establishment of a reproducible experimental system under controlled environmental conditions, therefore, was essential to clarify the mechanism of the disease suppression.…”

Section: Reproducibility Of Plug Pot Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in soil pH due to Ca-rich organic matter application causes suppression of the clubroot disease of crucifers

Niwa

Kumei²,

Nomura

et al. 2007

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Clubroot disease of cruciferous plants caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae is difficult to control because the pathogen survives for a long time in soil as resting spores. Disease-suppressive and conducive soils were found during the long-term experiment on the impact of organic matter application to arable fields and have been studied to clarify the biotic and abiotic factors involved in the disease suppression. The fact that a large amount of organic matter, 400 t ha−1 yr−1 farmyard manure (FYM) or 100 t ha−1 yr−1 food factory sludge compost (FSC), had been incorporated for more than 15 yr in the suppressive soils and these soils showed higher pH and Ca concentration than the disease conducive soil led us to hypothesize that an increase in soil pH due to the long-term incorporation of Ca-rich organic matter might be the primary cause of the disease suppression. We have designed a highly reproducible bioassay system to examine this hypothesis. The suppressive and conducive soils were mixed with the resting spores of P. brassicae at a rate of 106 spore g−1 soil, and Brassica campestris was grown in a growth chamber for 8 d. The number of root hair infections was assessed on a microscope. It was found that the incorporation of FYM and FSC at 2.5% (w/w) to the conducive soil suppressed the infection and that the finer particles (5 mm) of FSC inhibited the infection and increased soil pH more effectively. Neutralization of the conducive soil by Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 and KOH suppressed the infection, but the effectiveness of KOH was less than those of Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3. Acidification of the suppressive soils by H2SO4, promoted the infection. The involvement of soil biota in the disease suppression was investigated using the sterilized (γ-ray irradiation) suppressive soils with respect to soil pH. The γ-ray irradiation promoted the infection at pH 5.5, but no infection was observed at pH 7.4 irrespective of the sterilization status. All these observations suggest that soil pH is a major factor in disease suppression by organic matter application and that Ca and soil biota play certain roles in the suppression under the influence of soil pH

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Section: Reproducibility Of Plug Pot Bioassaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in soil pH due to Ca-rich organic matter application causes suppression of the clubroot disease of crucifers

Niwa

Kumei²,

Nomura

et al. 2007

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…In the second experiment, in which the soil was watered daily but allowed to drain, the susceptible canola cultivar exhibited a similar high level of infection. Previous studies under controlled conditions have demonstrated that clubroot development can be reduced under saturated conditions, probably as a result of hypoxia (Dobson et al ., ). This observation is supported by a weakly negative correlation between clubroot severity and soil moisture in several field studies (Thuma et al ., ; Gludovacz, ; Cranmer et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The beneficial effect of organic matter in reducing clubroot severity may be associated with improved soil texture and increased soil microbial activity and nutrient availability (Dixon & Tilston, 2010). However, severe clubroot has been reported on peat soils with extremely high organic matter content (Thuma et al, 1983;McDonald & Westerveld, 2008), and clubroot severity was higher on a peat soil than silty loam soil (Dobson et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is an important disease of brassica crops worldwide. The factors affecting clubroot development are fairly well understood (reviewed in Dixon, 2009), supplemented with recent research on the influence of factors such as soil pH and temperature (Gossen et al, 2012a(Gossen et al, ,b, 2013, micronutrient content , soil moisture (Dobson et al, 1982;Thuma et al, 1983;Adhikari, 2010) and host susceptibility/pathogen virulence (Cao et al, 2009;Deora et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One factor that has not been as carefully studied is soil type. Soil type affects water-holding capacity, and soil moisture affects clubroot infection and development (Dobson et al, 1982;Narisawa et al, 2005). High organic matter content has been reported to reduce clubroot severity, possibly via increased microbial activity in such soil (Dixon, 2009;Dixon & Tilston, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of soil type, organic matter content, bulk density and saturation on clubroot severity and biofungicide efficacy

et al. 2016

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Growth room experiments were conducted to assess the interaction of soil type, biofungicides, soil compaction and pathotype/host on infection and symptom development caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, the cause of clubroot on Brassica spp. In two initial experiments, four soil types (peat soil, mineral soil, non‐calcareous sand, soil‐less mix), two biofungicides (Bacillus subtilis, Clonostachys rosea), and two pathotypes (3 and 6, Williams’ differential set) were assessed. Differences in clubroot severity associated with soil type were unexpectedly small and variable. Prestop (C. rosea) was often more effective than Serenade (B. subtilis) at reducing clubroot levels on peat and mineral soils, but less effective than Serenade on sand. Inoculation with pathotype 3 often resulted in a slightly higher mean severity than pathotype 6. The interaction of soil type × biofungicide was similar on both canola (B. napus) and Shanghai pak choy (B. rapa subsp. chinensis), whether the soil was kept saturated or allowed to drain after inoculation. The impact of soil type on biofungicide efficacy might explain, in part, why biofungicides are more effective in one location than another. The observation that clubroot severity in soil‐less mix was affected by compaction led to an investigation of soil bulk density. Severity was higher in soil‐less mix that was more compacted than in the initial experiments, and was lower in peat and mineral soils when soil bulk density was reduced by adding soil‐less mix. In this study, soil bulk density had a larger impact on clubroot than soil type, organic matter or pathotype.

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Rhizomania

Asher¹

1993

The Sugar Beet Crop

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Soil Water Matric Potential Requirements for Root-Hair and Cortical Infection of Chinese Cabbage byPlasmodiophora brassicae

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Increase in soil pH due to Ca-rich organic matter application causes suppression of the clubroot disease of crucifers

Increase in soil pH due to Ca-rich organic matter application causes suppression of the clubroot disease of crucifers

Effect of soil type, organic matter content, bulk density and saturation on clubroot severity and biofungicide efficacy

Rhizomania

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