Soil transmitted helminth infection among farmers in ukwa west local government area, Abia state, South-East, Nigeria

Douglas, KE; Amadi, CU

doi:10.4103/1115-2613.278249

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“… 23 – 28 In contrast to other studies, comorbid infections were relatively uncommon, with only 2.1% of infected children having more than one STH. 29 , 30 Hookworm was the most common STH and T. trichiura the least common in this sample, which is similar to other studies in Nigeria, 27 , 31 – 33 and predictions from spatial models. 34 Ascaris lumbricoides , the second-most frequent STH in these samples, has been the most common STH in other Nigerian contexts as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of Three to Five Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in School-Aged Children in North-Central Nigeria

Griswold

Eigege

Adelamo

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Nasarawa and Plateau states of north-central Nigeria have implemented programs to control schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in children since the 1990s. Statewide mapping surveys were conducted in 2013, when 11,332 school-aged children were sampled from 226 schools. The local government areas (LGAs) then received varying combinations of mass drug administration (MDA) for the next 5 years. We revisited 196 (87%) schools in 2018 plus an additional six (202 schools in total), sampling 9,660 children. We calculated overall prevalence and intensity of infection and evaluated associations with gender; age; behaviors; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and treatment regimen. Urine heme detection dipsticks were used for Schistosoma hematobium in both surveys, with egg counts added in 2018. Stool samples were examined by Kato-Katz for Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Schistosoma mansoni, and hookworm. Schistosomiasis prevalence among sampled students dropped from 12.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.1–14.9%) to 9.0% (95% CI: 7.5–10.9%), a statistically significant change (P < 0.05). In 2018, eight LGAs still had > 1% of children with heavy-intensity schistosome infections. Prevalence of STH infection did not significantly change, with 10.8% (95% CI: 9.36–12.5%) of children positive in 2013 and 9.4% (95% CI: 8.0–10.9%) in 2018 (P = 0.182). Heavy-intensity STH infections were found in < 1% of children with hookworm, and none in children with A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura in either study. The WASH data were collected in 2018, indicating 43.6% of schools had a latrine and 14.4% had handwashing facilities. Although progress is evident, SCH remains a public health problem in Nasarawa and Plateau states.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of Three to Five Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in School-Aged Children in North-Central Nigeria

Griswold

Eigege

Adelamo

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…times more likely to be infected with STH, while those whose parents were teachers and public servants were 6 times more likely to be infected. Previous studies however, have reported higher odds of infection among school children whose parents were farmers [28,[42][43][44]. Similarly, the likelihood of acquiring STH infection was higher among adolescents whose parents/guardians had attained primary education than those whose parents/guardians had no formal education, although the observed prevalence was lower in the primary group compared to the no formal education group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Adolescents in Anaocha Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Future Directions After a Decade of Ongoing Mass Administration of Medicines

Aribodor,

Jacob,

Azugo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Over the past decade, Anambra State, Nigeria, has implemented mass administration of medicines (MAMs) to combat soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), a significant public health challenge in low-income regions. Nevertheless, these efforts have predominantly focused on pre-school and school-aged children, leaving a notable gap in understanding STH infection rates and the efficacy of these campaigns among secondary school adolescents, who have been excluded from this initiative. Our study aimed to address this critical knowledge gap by assessing soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) prevalence and contextual factors hindering effective control among adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria. We actively engaged 443 adolescents with a mean age of 14 years in a school-based cross-sectional study in selected communities within the Anaocha Local Government Area from 8 February to 7 July 2023, following informed consent and assent procedures. Employing a stratified random sampling technique, we collected demographic data and assessed STH risk factors using a structured questionnaire hosted on the Kobo Toolbox platform. For quantitative analysis of STH infections, the Kato-Katz technique was used. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, incorporating descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Of the 443 (213 males (48.0%) and 230 females (52.0%) adolescents studied, the overall prevalence of STH observed was 35.2% (156/443). Ascaris lumbricoides was the prevalent STH species (16.9%), followed by Trichuris trichiura (1.4%) and hookworm (0.5%). Only light-intensity infection was observed. Mixed infections were observed in 16.5% of adolescents, involving A. lumbricoides and hookworm (10.8%), followed by A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura (3.2%) and all three STH (2.5%). The observed overall prevalence was not statistically significant with respect to gender (OR: 0.961; 95% CI: 0.651-1.420; p > 0.05) or age (OR: 0.686; 95% CI: 0.459-1.025; p>0.05). Class (grade level) (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.25 - 2.45, p = 0.003), knowledge and transmission of STH infection (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42 - 0.86, p = 0.008), parental occupation (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.35 - 2.67, p < 0.001), parents' literacy level (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.48 - 0.96, p = 0.027), and the type of toilet (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.54 - 3.00, p < 0.001) were all significantly correlated with STH infection. These findings highlight the role of adolescents in sustaining soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) transmission. Coupled with school-based deworming expansion, innovative improvements in water, sanitation, hygiene, and awareness can provide a cost-effective, sustainable solution for combatting STH infections in Anambra State.

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“…Despite the low prevalence and intensity estimates, our univariate regression model found significantly reduced odds in some communities (about 21–25% reduced odds) and among children whose parents were traders (20 times lower) when compared with those whose parents were farmers. The risk of transmission of STH parasites has been reported to be higher among farmers due to their increased exposure to soils that are likely to have been contaminated with the infective stages of the parasites [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. This risk is particularly heightened in areas like those in these studies where about 69% of the children do not have access to latrine facilities and 45% of them walk barefoot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Non-Endemic Implementation Units: A Case Study of Borgu in Northcentral Nigeria

Adewale

Mogaji

Balogun³

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Nigeria remains the most endemic country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). In line with ongoing monitoring plans, we present findings from a recent analysis of STH epidemiological data in Borgu, one of the non-endemic implementation units for STH in the northcentral region of Nigeria. An overall prevalence of 8.8% was recorded for STH infection, which corresponds to a 51.9% decline from the 18.3% reported in 2013. All the infected participants (36 out of 410) had a low intensity of infection. However, more than two-thirds (69%) of the children do not have access to latrine facilities, and 45% of them walk barefoot. Prevalence was significantly associated with community, age, and parental occupation. About 21–25% reduced odds were reported in some of the study communities, and children whose parents were traders had 20 times lower odds of infection compared to those whose parents were farmers. The ongoing preventive chemotherapy program for lymphatic filariasis in the area could be responsible for the huge reduction in prevalence and intensity estimates for STH. It is therefore important to invest in monitoring transmission dynamics in other non-endemic areas to arrest emerging threats through the provision of complementary interventions including WASH facilities and other health educational tools.

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Soil transmitted helminth infection among farmers in ukwa west local government area, Abia state, South-East, Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of Three to Five Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in School-Aged Children in North-Central Nigeria

Impact of Three to Five Rounds of Mass Drug Administration on Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminths in School-Aged Children in North-Central Nigeria

Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among Adolescents in Anaocha Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Future Directions After a Decade of Ongoing Mass Administration of Medicines

Monitoring the Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Non-Endemic Implementation Units: A Case Study of Borgu in Northcentral Nigeria

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