Soil Test Calibration for Predicting Corn Response to Phosphorus in the Northeast USA

Heckman, Joseph R.; Jokela, William E.; Morris, Thomas F.; Beegle, D. B.; Sims, J. T.; Coale, F. J.; Herbert, Steven; Griffin, Timothy S.; Hoskins, Bruce R.; Jemison, John M.; Sullivan, W. Michael; Bhumbla, D. K.; Estes, G. O.; Reid, W. S.

doi:10.2134/agronj2005-0122

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, some reports indicate that soil analyses are poor predictors of crop P requirements under field conditions (Heckman et al, 2006). There are authors that propose the search for complementary techniques, such as leaf analysis and mathematical models which indicate nutrients limiting levels for the plant (Lemaire & Salette, 1984;Thélier-Huché et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage yield and quality on soil subjected to phosphorus rates in subtropical grassland of Brazil

et al. 2012

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-Phosphorous application effects were evaluated on ryegrass dry matter (DM) accumulation, root development and plant tissue concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon aiming to determinate the nutritional status of the pasture, as well as to verify the possibility to establish a phosphorus dilution curve for this pasture. Also, the development of phosphorus and ryegrass cultivated with the residual effect of phosphorus fertilization was determined. The experiment was carried out in Pinhais County -Paraná State on a Cambisol with very low phosphorus levels. The experiment was of random blocks design and treatments consisted of five phosphorus rates of triple superphosphate (0, 45, 90, 180 and 360 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) applied to soil surface with four replications. Phosphorus fertilization promoted linear increments in the soil phosphorus availability and resulted, in the first year, in early pasture production and higher phosphorus content in the plant. Nitrogen and carbon contents were not affected. Phosphorous application increased ryegrass DM accumulation in all periods, ranging from 16 to 2826 kg DM ha -1 at flowering stage, for zero and 360 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 , respectively. Root density was positively influenced by phosphorus supply, and the rate of 45 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 was effective for maximum root development. The residual effect of phosphorus fertilizer provided enhancement of yield and phosphorus plant concentration for both sorghum and ryegrass in the second year.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage yield and quality on soil subjected to phosphorus rates in subtropical grassland of Brazil

et al. 2012

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“…Although results were not as strong for K for any extraction method, PHW-K extraction was intermediate among the four K extraction methods used in establishing relationships. Additional field work is recommended to improve upon this K data, to further define maize yield and P-extraction relationships in a broader set of soils within Guatemala, and to develop and refine fertilizer recommendations for PHW, Olsen, Bray I, or Mehlich III-all potential improvements over Mehlich I extraction (Heckman et al 2006). Pressurized hot water extraction is a viable option for replacing Mehlich I for recommending P application in Guatemala and regions with similar soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Maize Yield, Nutrient Concentration, and Uptake in Phosphorus- and Potassium-Fertilized Soils: Pressurized Hot Water and Other Alternatives to Mehlich I Extraction in Guatemala Soils

Hunsaker‐Alcântara¹,

Jolley²,

Webb³

et al. 2007

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

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Poor accessibility and cost of soil testing reduce effectiveness of fertilizer use on small-scale subsistence farms, and inadequate funding promotes adoption of soil tests in developing countries with minimal validation. For example, Mehlich I extraction of phosphorus (P) currently used extensively in Guatemala may not be suitable for Guatemala's broad range of soils. At least four alternatives are available but relatively untested [Bray 1, Mehlich III, Olsen, and pressurized hot water (PHW)]. Pressurized hot water is relatively simple and inexpensive but is not yet tested against other extraction methods under variable P or potassium (K) fertilization levels. To determine whether PHW-extracted nutrients could be used to predict maize yield and nutrient concentration and uptake, soil, plant tissue and grain samples were obtained from a multiple-site field study, and calibration studies were conducted using five rates of P and three rates of K on soils incubated without plants or cropped with maize in greenhouse and field conditions. In the multiple-site field study, maize yield related significantly to PHW-extractable P (r 2 ¼ 0.36) and to leaf P concentration 1815 (r 2 ¼ 0.23), but Mehlich I -extractable P did not. In the two soils used in the greenhouse study, maize yield, vegetative P concentration, and total P uptake by maize were predicted by PHW-extractable P (R 2 ¼ 0.72, 0.75, and 0.90, respectively). In the field experiment, grain yield was not improved by P or K application, but P concentration of maize leaf tissue did relate significantly with PHW-extracted P (R 2 ¼ 0.40). Mehlich I did not. There were no yield responses to K application in any experiment, but relationships defined between extractable K for all five K-extraction procedures and soil-applied K were similarly significant. In comparison, PHW was as good as or better than Olsen whereas Bray 1 and Mehlich III were less consistent. Mehlich I was overall the poorest P extractant. Mehlich I extraction of P should be replaced by one of the four alternatives tested. PHW is the least expensive and, therefore, most viable for use in Guatemala soils.

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“…They stated that the recommendations require updating to better reflect fertilizer needs with modern maize and soybean productions systems. Heckman et al (2006) took a similar view, pointing out a need to at least apply a removal rate of P to soils that are not excessively high in STP. Hopkins et al (2018) conducted a meta‐analysis with a variety of crops, with results suggesting P responses at STP concentrations higher than typical critical levels.…”

Section: High‐yield Agriculturementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Correlations of soil P extraction with crop response were reasonable and proved to be a valuable advance in soil fertility (Peck, 1990) and continuing today (Mallarino, 2003; Poulton et al, 2013). These extractants are not perfect in their prediction of this complex relationship and their performance varies with soil types (Heckman et al, 2006). For example, the Bray P1 extractant should not be used on calcareous soils because the carbonates neutralize the poorly buffered acid extractant; rather, the Olsen bicarbonate and the Mehlich 3 extractants are much more effective for calcareous soils (Mallarino, 2003; Hopkins, 2015).…”

Section: Historical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

Hopkins

Hansen

2019

J of Env Quality

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The discovery and development of phosphorus (P) and P fertilizers provide context for current management conventions. Average crop yields were stagnant before the Green Revolution but have steadily increased since. This, along with conventional P management, has resulted in widely depleting soil P levels. Improved technology and management are needed to meet the increasing P demand. Modern hybrids and cultivars have different P demand and uptake patterns that require changes in conventional P fertilizer placement and timing. Phosphorus fertilizer recommendations based on soil analysis remains valid, but evidence suggests a need for recalibrating soil test P (STP) critical levels (the STP concentration at which a response to P fertilizer would not be expected) and P fertilizer rates to accommodate high‐yield scenarios. Considering higher P fertilizer rates as a single solution poses environmental challenges, highlighting the need for improved P use efficiency (PUE). Phosphorus fertilization approaches that have the potential to improve PUE and enable high yields include crop‐specific precision placement of P, informed timing of P fertilizers, and new enhanced efficiency sources of P fertilizer. This paper examines these management approaches from historical, production, and environmental perspectives in modern cropping systems. Core Ideas History of P fertilization illuminates traditional soil P management and needed changes. Recalibration of STP and P fertilizer recommendations are needed to match increasing yield and rates of P uptake. Environmental concerns and diminishing P supply necessitate improvement in P use efficiency. Placement and timing are improved through understanding of variable rooting patterns. Enhanced efficiency P fertilizers can be effective if applied correctly.

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Soil Test Calibration for Predicting Corn Response to Phosphorus in the Northeast USA

Cited by 51 publications

References 17 publications

Forage yield and quality on soil subjected to phosphorus rates in subtropical grassland of Brazil

Forage yield and quality on soil subjected to phosphorus rates in subtropical grassland of Brazil

Predicting Maize Yield, Nutrient Concentration, and Uptake in Phosphorus- and Potassium-Fertilized Soils: Pressurized Hot Water and Other Alternatives to Mehlich I Extraction in Guatemala Soils

Phosphorus Management in High‐Yield Systems

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