Soil sterilization methods to show VA-mycorrhizae aid P and Zn nutrition of wheat in vertisols

Thompson, JP

doi:10.1016/0038-0717(90)90092-e

Cited by 107 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, AMF colonization can increase Zn uptake by roots at an early stage (Smith and Read, 1997), and overcome deficiency in different species (e.g., Thompson, 1990;Burkert and Robson, 1994). Zinc nutrition has also been associated with the negative effects of soil disturbance by tillage (Evans and Miller, 1988;Fairchild and Miller, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific flavonoids as interconnecting signals in the tripartite symbiosis formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Antunes

Rajcan

Goss

2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Many legume plants benefit from the tripartite symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia. Beneficial effects for the plant have been assumed to rely on increased P supply through the mycorrhizas. Recently, we demonstrated that P does not regulate the establishment of the tripartite symbiosis. Flavonoids appear to play a role as early signals for both rhizobia and AMF. Four soybean lines known to express different concentrations of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and glycitein in the seed were used to test three hypotheses: (i) The establishment of the tripartite symbiosis is not dependent of a nutrient mediated effect; (ii) There is a positive correlation between seed isoflavone concentrations of different soybean lines and the progress of the tripartite symbiosis; (iii) Specific flavonoids control the establishment of the tripartite symbiosis in that a change in flavonoid root accumulation resulting from the development of one microbial partner can stimulate colonization of soybean roots by the other. Disturbed versus undisturbed soil treatments were produced to vary the potential for indigenous AMF colonization of soybean. In contrast, the potential for Bradyrhizobium was kept identical in both soil disturbance treatments. The uptake of P and Zn and the concentration of flavonoids in mycorrhizal soybean roots at 10 d after emergence were analysed either separately of Bradyrhizobium or in context of the tripartite symbiosis. Zinc nutrition did not differ between AMF treatments which supports the first hypothesis. The concentration of daidzein was at least four times greater in the root than in the seed reaching 3958G249 mg g K1 dry across soybean lines. Coumestrol, which was absent in the seed, was synthesized to reach 2154G64 mg g K1 dry. Conversely, the concentration of genistein was approximately three times smaller in the root that in the seed (301G15 mg g K1 dry), while glycitein and formononetin were never detected. The establishment of the tripartite symbiosis was identical across soybean lines which does not support the second hypothesis. Concentrations of flavonoids were significantly greater in roots under disturbed soil, for which both symbioses were not as developed as in plants from undisturbed soil. This clearly supports the third hypothesis. This research provides the first data linking the function of different flavonoids to the establishment of the tripartite symbiosis, and suggests that these compounds are produced and released into the rhizosphere as a function of the colonization process. q

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific flavonoids as interconnecting signals in the tripartite symbiosis formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Antunes

Rajcan

Goss

2006

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…More NH 4 + -N, organic N, small amounts of Mn, soluble C and exchangeable S and P have been reported after γ-irradiation of soil (Alphei and Scheu 1993;McLaren 1969, Thompson 1990. NO 3 --N, generally declines after γ-irradiation but pH variation showed no consistent trends (McNamara et al 2003).…”

Section: Gamma (γ-) Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steam sterilization is an efficient method of eliminating the indigenous population of AM fungi (Smith and Smith 1981;Thompson 1990;Vosátka 1995), however the process may alter the structure and physicochemical properties of the soil (Gantotti and Rangaswami 1971). The effects on the chemical and mineralogical properties, although seemingly not that obvious (Egli et al 2006), can result in the release of nutrients, which may affect the growth of non-mycorrhizal control plants.…”

Section: Steam Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is also an enhancement of the extractable P content and can be a slight increase in pH (Thompson 1990;Alphei and Scheu 1993). Depending on the soil, release of trace elements such as Mn, Fe and Cu is also promoted by steam sterilization (Arybod et al 2006).…”

Section: Steam Sterilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larger the sample the more likely that a variable dose may be delivered due to internal shielding from irradiation (Yardin et al 2000). An irradiation source strength of 3 kGy, smaller than the 10 kGy usually recommended, may be enough to eliminate AM fungi infectivity and have little impact on soil conditions (Kahiluoto 2000;Thompson 1990). …”

Section: Gamma (γ-) Irradiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Techniques for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculum Reduction

2009

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Nutrition and mycorrhizae affect interspecific patterns of seedling growth on coarse wood and mineral soil substrates

Willis

Walters

2018

Ecosphere

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Smaller‐seeded tree species often require mineral soil and coarse woody debris (CWD) to establish. Limited data suggest that species‐based variation in tree seedling–CWD relations exists; however, the generalizability of this pattern and its mechanistic basis remain unknown. We investigated interspecific substrate–seedling relations and the potential that differences in mycorrhizal status and substrate nutrition underlie these patterns with a potted plant experiment. Eight temperate tree species were grown in a lath shade house on six species of CWD and mineral soil that had either been sterilized with gamma irradiation or left untreated to separate the effects of mycorrhizae from substrate nutrition. We assessed the impact of substrate identity on height growth and investigated possible mechanisms via relating growth to substrate inorganic N concentration, seedling foliar N (%), and mycorrhizal colonization. Seedling height varied across substrates consistently among species (i.e., substrate effects were strong, but seedling species x substrate interactions were weak). Seedlings were generally tallest on mineral soil followed by Betula papyrifera and Thuja occidentalis CWD, and shortest on B. alleghaniensis or Acer saccharum CWD. Sterilization main effects on height were not significant; however, the response of species to sterilization varied, as Acer rubrum and T. occidentalis seedlings were significantly shorter on sterilized substrate. For all seedling species, growth correlated positively with substrate [N] and foliar N. Among the four species examined for mycorrhizae, root colonization density was highest on mineral soil and lowest on A. saccharum and B. alleghaniensis CWD). For these species, mean colonization density was more strongly associated with mean seedling height than substrate inorganic [N]. Beneficial mycorrhizal effects were suggested by positive height–mycorrhizal root density relationships for B. alleghaniensis, A. rubrum, and T. occidentalis. Collectively, for the group of northern hardwood tree species examined in this study, these results demonstrate that in a controlled environment, most species grow best on mineral soil, B. alleghaniensis and Picea glauca attained maximum growth on CWD, species‐specific growth responses occur on CWD, and that substrate nutrient availability and mycorrhizal fungi contribute to the variation observed in seedling growth response across substrates.

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Soil sterilization methods to show VA-mycorrhizae aid P and Zn nutrition of wheat in vertisols

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Specific flavonoids as interconnecting signals in the tripartite symbiosis formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Specific flavonoids as interconnecting signals in the tripartite symbiosis formed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Kirchner) Jordan and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Techniques for Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Inoculum Reduction

Nutrition and mycorrhizae affect interspecific patterns of seedling growth on coarse wood and mineral soil substrates

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