Soil seedbed engineering and its impact on germination and establishment in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) as affected by seed–soil contact

Blunk, Sebastian; Heer, Martine I. de; Sturrock, Craig J.; Mooney, Sacha J.

doi:10.1017/s0960258518000168

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(108 reference statements)

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“…Both biotypes had maximum emergence (82%) at the 1-cm burial depth, and germination decreased linearly from 48% to 13% with an increase in burial depth from 2 to 8 cm. Matching what is commonly reported in the literature for other species, only 48% of S. cannabina seeds germinated and emerged on the soil surface owing to limited seed-soil contact (Blunk et al 2018). No germination was recorded at a burial depth of 16 cm.…”

Section: Effect Of Seed Burial Depth On Seedling Emergencesupporting

confidence: 78%

Germination Biology of Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): An Emerging Weed in the Australian Cotton Agro-environment

et al. 2018

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Sesbania [Sesbania cannabina(Retz.) Pers.] is a problematic emerging weed species in Australian cotton-farming systems. However, globally, no information is available regarding its seed germination biology, and better understanding will help in devising superior management strategies to prevent further infestations. Laboratory and glasshouse studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of various environmental factors such as light, temperature, salt, osmotic and pH stress, and burial depth on germination and emergence of two Australian biotypes ofS. cannabina. Freshly harvested seeds of both biotypes possessed physical dormancy. A boiling-water scarification treatment (100±2 C) of 5-min duration was the optimum treatment to overcome this dormancy. Once dormancy was broken, the Dalby biotype exhibited a greater germination (93%) compared with the St George biotype (87%). The nondormant seeds of both biotypes showed a neutral photoblastic response to light and dark conditions, with germination marginally improved (6%) under illumination. Maximum germination of both biotypes occurred under an alternating temperature regime of 30/20 and 35/25 C and under constant temperatures of 32 or 35 C, with no germination at 8 or 11 C. Seed germination of both biotypes decreased linearly from 87% to 14% with an increase in moisture stress from 0.0 to −0.8 MPa, with no germination possible at −1.0 MPa. There was a gradual decline in germination for both biotypes when imbibed in a range of salt solutions of 25 to 250 mM, with a 50% reduction in germination occurring at 150 mM. Both biotypes germinated well under a wide range of pH values (4.0 to 10.0), with maximum germination (94%) at pH 9.0. The greatest emergence rate of the Dalby (87%) and St George (78%) biotypes was recorded at a burial depth of 1.0 cm, with no emergence at 16.0 cm. Deep tillage seems to be the best management strategy to stopS. cannabina’s emergence and further infestation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) fields. The findings of this study will be helpful to cotton agronomists in devising effective, sustainable, and efficient integrated weed management strategies for the control ofS. cannabinain cotton cropping lands.

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Section: Effect Of Seed Burial Depth On Seedling Emergencesupporting

confidence: 78%

Germination Biology of Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): An Emerging Weed in the Australian Cotton Agro-environment

et al. 2018

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“…Sugar beet is a plant in the Amaranthaceae family that is a crop of high global importance, as it is the major source of sugar in temperate zones. It provides up to 30% of the world’s annual sugar production (Dohm et al 2013; Frese 2010; Blunk et al 2018). In sugar beet, red beet, spinach, and other Amaranthaceae food and feed crops, the harvested “seed” is botanically a fruit, consisting of the true seed surrounded by the fruit coat (pericarp), derived from the carpels, and the incorporation of other parts of the flower (Artschwager 1927; Hermann et al 2007; Lukaszewska and Sliwinska 2007; Deleuran et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

Ignatz

Hourston

Turečková

et al. 2019

Planta

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Main conclusionSeed-processing technologies such as polishing and washing enhance crop seed quality by limited removal of the outer layers and by leaching. Combined, this removes chemical compounds that inhibit germination.AbstractIndustrial processing to deliver high-quality commercial seed includes removing chemical inhibitors of germination, and is essential to produce fresh sprouts, achieve vigorous crop establishment, and high yield potential in the field. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris var. altissima Doell.), the main sugar source of the temperate agricultural zone, routinely undergoes several processing steps during seed production to improve germination performance and seedling growth. Germination assays and seedling phenotyping was carried out on unprocessed, and processed (polished and washed) sugar beet fruits. Pericarp-derived solutes, known to inhibit germination, were tested in germination assays and their osmolality and conductivity assessed (ions). Abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites were quantified in both the true seed and pericarp tissue using UPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. Physical changes in the pericarp structures were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that polishing and washing of the sugar beet fruits both had a positive effect on germination performance and seedling phenotype, and when combined, this positive effect was stronger. The mechanical action of polishing removed the outer pericarp (fruit coat) tissue (parenchyma), leaving the inner tissue (sclerenchyma) unaltered, as revealed by SEM. Polishing as well as washing removed germination inhibitors from the pericarp, specifically, ABA, ABA metabolites, and ions. Understanding the biochemistry underpinning the effectiveness of these processing treatments is key to driving further innovations in commercial seed quality.

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“…A seed sown in that situation inevitably imbibes water from the soil down the water potential gradient (Δψ). The rate of imbibition depends on the magnitude of Δψ and the ease with which water can flow across the outer seed coverings at soil contact points [3, 4]. The imbibed water causes the seed to swell and gain weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A machine vision platform for measuring imbibition of maize kernels: quantification of genetic effects and correlations with germination

et al. 2018

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BackgroundImbibition (uptake of water by a dry seed) initiates the germination process. An automated method for quantifying imbibition would enable research on the genetic elements that influence the underlying hydraulic and biochemical processes. In the case of crop research, a high throughput imbibition assay could be used to investigate seed quality topics or to improve yield by selecting varieties with superior germination characteristics.ResultsAn electronic force transducer measured imbibition of single maize kernels with very high resolution but low throughput. An image analysis method was devised to achieve high throughput and sufficient resolution. A transparent fixture held 90 maize kernels in contact with water on the imaging window of a flatbed document scanner that produced an image of the kernels automatically every 10 min for 22 h. Custom image analysis software measured the area A of each indexed kernel in each image to produce imbibition time courses. The ultimate change in area (ΔA) ranged from 19.3 to 23.4% in a population of 72 hybrids derived from 9 inbred parents. Kernel area as a function of time was fit well by where Af is the final kernel area. The swelling coefficient, k, ranged from 0.098 to 0.159 h−1 across the genotypes. The full diallel structure of the population enabled maternal genotype effects to be assessed. In a separate experiment, measurements of kernels of the same 25 inbreds produced in three different years demonstrated that production and storage variables affected imbibition much less than genotype. In a third experiment, measurements of 30 diverse inbred lines showed that k varied inversely with germination time (r = − 0.7) and directly with germination percentage (r = 0.7).ConclusionsNonspecialized imaging hardware and custom analysis software running on public cyber infrastructure form a low-cost platform for measuring seed imbibition with high resolution and throughput. We measured imbibition of thousands of kernels to determine that genotype influenced imbibition of maize kernels much more than seed production and storage environments. In some hybrids, k depended on which inbred parent was maternal. Quantitative relationships between k and germination traits were discovered.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0383-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Soil seedbed engineering and its impact on germination and establishment in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) as affected by seed–soil contact

Cited by 11 publications

References 81 publications

Germination Biology of Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): An Emerging Weed in the Australian Cotton Agro-environment

Germination Biology of Sesbania (Sesbania cannabina): An Emerging Weed in the Australian Cotton Agro-environment

The biochemistry underpinning industrial seed technology and mechanical processing of sugar beet

A machine vision platform for measuring imbibition of maize kernels: quantification of genetic effects and correlations with germination

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