Soil Sampling: Spatial and Temporal Variability

Sabbe, W. E.; Marx, David B.

doi:10.2136/sssaspecpub21.c1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Soil sampling took place in the winter season for two years (2017–2018), when soils are inherently variable in their distribution of plant nutrients ( Sabbe and Marx, 1987 ). A total number of 81 soil samples (27 from each land-use type, labeled through a GPS device) were collected ( Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compose a soil sample from olive groves, one central sub-sample was collected and then four other sub-samples, within a distance of 2 m from the central sub-sample – all beneath tree canopy- were mixed, as proposed by LUCAS topsoil sampling methodology ( Toth et al, 2013 ). Each of the samples which was received in maize fields and in abandoned lands, consisted of 10 cores, well mixed on site, and was collected from different points in the field with a zigzag soil sampling method ( Sabbe and Marx, 1987 ). Sampling was conducted by using a Dutch auger to a depth of 0–30 cm for all soil samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of land-use types on edaphic properties and plant species diversity in Mediterranean agroecosystem

Triantafyllidis

Zotos

Kosma

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Land-use intensification, contrary to sustainable land management, has an impact on the healthiness of the environmental agroecosystem. To assess the environmental implications in abandoned land, olive groves and maize crops, the most sensitive and reliable edaphic indicators were measured to estimate plant species diversity and potentially toxic elements in soil, among different types of land-use. Species diversity presents a decrease in maize crops and olive groves compared to abandoned land. The families with the greatest species diversity were Poaceae , Asteraceae and Fabaceae in each land-use. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis among species, sampling sites and selected environmental variables, a clear separation between species and sampling sites belonging to different types of land-use was found, presenting strong correlation with specific edaphic parameters (pH, Soil Organic Matter, Silt, Electrical Conductivity, Total Nitrogen, , P, K, Zn and Cu). Species diversity was reduced in maize crops due to anthropogenic interventions such as the excessive use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and herbicides. Despite the fact that the lowest richness of plant species was found in olive groves, non-removal of crop residue preserves soil organic matter. In 7.4% of soil samples in olive groves, concentrations were over 100 mg kg −1 denoting polluted soils, while the potentially toxic concentrations of bioavailable copper fraction ( probably lead to a decrease of species diversity. Future researches should therefore focus on the accumulation of toxic elements in agricultural land to preserve species diversity and a healthy environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of land-use types on edaphic properties and plant species diversity in Mediterranean agroecosystem

Triantafyllidis

Zotos

Kosma

et al. 2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…One soil sample was collected with each sampling method from four blocks for a total of 20 samples at each site (5 methods × 4 blocks). In each block, soil samples were taken within 100 cm of each other to reduce soil variability since soil heterogeneity may be extensive even over short distances (Beckett & Webster, 1971; Cameron, Nybert, Toogood, & Loverty, 1971; Cipra, Bidwell, Whitney, & Feyerherm, 1972; Sabbe & Marx 1987). For the DA, the 0‐ to 30‐cm depth was taken in 15‐cm increments to examine the fluctuation in alkaline hydrolyzable‐nitrogen (AH‐N) across depth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of soil sampling techniques for alkaline hydrolyzable‐nitrogen on clay soils

Davidson¹,

Roberts²,

Hardke

et al. 2020

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The Nitrogen‐Soil Test for Rice (N‐STaR) provides a site‐specific N rate recommendation by quantifying alkaline hydrolyzable‐N (AH‐N). A user‐friendly method for obtaining a representative N‐STaR soil sample is needed, and this study was designed to evaluate the performance of alternative sampling techniques compared with the Dutch auger (DA). The alternative techniques included a Kleen Hole Spade dry (KHS‐D), a KHS lubricated with water (KHS‐W), a KHS lubricated with WD‐40 (KHS‐40), and the N‐STaR Bucket and Drill (BD). One soil sample was collected with each sampling technique from four blocks and was repeated across 14 sites. Each sample was analyzed for AH‐N using N‐STaR and compared against the DA. Variability in AH‐N ranged from a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.4% at Site 3 to 22.3% at Site 5. The AH‐N at 13 of the 14 sites had no significant differences among sampling techniques. At Site 14, the AH‐N measured using the KHS‐40 was statistically higher than the DA by 25 mg AH‐N kg soil–1 and would correspond to a fertilizer N rate difference of 49 kg N ha–1. The KHS‐D probe appears to have the greatest accuracy and precision compared to the DA, although the KHS‐W, KHS‐40, and the BD produce similar results. All alternative techniques averaged a numerically higher AH‐N value than the DA but were not statistically different for 55 of the 56 observations. Therefore, these alternative soil sampling methods can be used successfully to collect soil samples for N‐STaR analysis on clayey soils.

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“…The first issue is related to poor results due to sampling design. Many soil-testing programs are placed in jeopardy due to non-representative soil samples (Sabbe and Marx, 1987). When the entire field is the sampling unit, samples must be collected in a way that adequately represents the field average.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systematic sampling has been suggested by several researchers as the method best used to sample a field (Peck and Melsted, 1973;Sabbe and Marx, 1987 (Mallarino, 1996). This reluctance is reasonable because it has not been shown that low density sampling for soil nitrate testing is a reliable tool when estimating N fertilizer needs for fields (or management units) as defined by farmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting spatial patterns of corn yield response to fertilizer nitrogen

White

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Soil testing for nitrate when corn plants are 15 to 30 cm tall is recognized as a valuable tool for estimating N fertilizer needs in humid portions of the United States. Although there is growing appreciation for the importance of spatial variability in soil nutrient levels, high-density sampling is not practical for the soil nitrate test. In this document we report initial studies to identify optimal sampling densities for non-fertilized corn after soybean in Iowa. Soil nitrate concentrations were measured in 24 cornfields in production agriculture during 1995, 1996, and 1997. The preceding crop on all fields was soybean, which did not receive fertilizer N. The mean spring soil nitrate concentration was 8.2 mg N kg" 1. Essentially all samples had concentrations below the critical value 25 mg N kg" 1 , which is often used as the optimal level for com production. An analysis of variance showed that a simple model, which included the variables Field, Test area within Field, and Sample, could explain 81% of the variation in soil nitrate concentrations. Linear regression analyses showed that much of the variation (78%) in soil nitrate concentrations within fields was explained by soil organic matter concentrations. Results show that soil nitrate concentrations can be predicted with reasonable accuracy even with extremely low-density sampling if soil organic matter concentrations are used to guide the sampling. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer needs for corn usually are estimated by assuming that fertilizer needs are proportional to yields, but the validity of this assumption has been difficult to evaluate by using experimental data. We evaluated this assumption for corn grown after soybean in Iowa. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments were applied in replicated strips that crossed

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Soil Sampling: Spatial and Temporal Variability

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of land-use types on edaphic properties and plant species diversity in Mediterranean agroecosystem

Effect of land-use types on edaphic properties and plant species diversity in Mediterranean agroecosystem

Comparison of soil sampling techniques for alkaline hydrolyzable‐nitrogen on clay soils

Predicting spatial patterns of corn yield response to fertilizer nitrogen

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