Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long‐term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and tropospheric O<sub>3</sub>

Pregitzer, Kurt S.; Burton, Andrew J.; King, John S.; Zak, Donald R.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02564.x

Cited by 139 publications

(114 citation statements)

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“…Many studies indicated that elevated [CO 2 ] increased soil respiration significantly (Lin et al, 2001;King et al, 2004;Astrid et al, 2004;Bernhardt et al, 2006;Pregitzer et al, 2008). Our results also demonstrated that elevated CO 2 resulted in a considerable increase of carbon release (about 29% on average) from the forest floor.…”

Section: Effect Of Elevated [Co 2 ] On Soil Respirationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Numerous experiments have been carried out to investigate the responses of soil respiration to elevated [CO 2 ] (Lin et al, 2001;King et al, 2004;Astrid et al, 2004;Bernhardt et al, 2006;Pregitzer et al, 2008). Elevated [CO 2 ] can reduce diffusive conductance (Pearson et al, 1995;Niklaus et al, 1998) and stomatal conductance of the leaves (Saxe et al, 1998), which leads to decreased rates of canopy transpiration and increased soil moisture in CO 2 enrichment plots (Bunce, 2004).…”

Section: Q Deng Et Al: Responses Of Soil Respiration To Elevated Camentioning

confidence: 99%

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Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO 2 ] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO 2 ] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO 2 (ambient CO 2 and 700 µmol mol −1 ) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April-September) and lower values in the dry season (October-March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO 2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO 2 ] and N addition (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, and p = 0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO 2 ] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater thanCorrespondence to: D. Zhang (zhangdeq@scbg.ac.cn) the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 ± 0.08, 4.54 ± 0.10, 3.56 ± 0.03 and 3.53 ± 0.03 kg CO 2 m −2 yr −1 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO 2 ] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO 2 ] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO 2 ] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO 2 ] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO 2 ] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO 2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.

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Section: Effect Of Elevated [Co 2 ] On Soil Respirationsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Q Deng Et Al: Responses Of Soil Respiration To Elevated Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

et al. 2010

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“…The heterotrophic component of soil respiration is strongly influenced by substrate availability (Raich and Tufekcioglu, 2000;Vasconcelos et al, 2004), which is closely related to aboveground litterfall on a global scale (Raich and Nadelhoffer, 1989;Davidson et al, 2002), and is thus also ultimately driven by aboveground growth and production (Rey et al, 2002). Recently, a microcosm study showed that increased litter inputs under elevated CO 2 would greatly increase microbial respiration in the soil (Liu et al, 2008) and FACE experiments have shown large increases in root respiration, which may be related to increased root biomass or higher specific root respiration rates (Andrews et al, 1999;King et al, 2001;Pregitzer et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to trenching experiments for measuring root–rhizosphere respiration in a lowland tropical forest

Sayer

2010

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…The lack of microbial responses to O 3 under elevated CO 2 suggests that, as noted above, the magnitude of the combination of elevated CO 2 and O 3 effect on residue C and N inputs was not enough to influence soil microbes in the current study. It is also possible that O 3 might not necessarily diminish the stimulation effect of elevated CO 2 on C allocation belowground through fine root biomass, root exudation and turnover during plant growth, as observed in the Rhinelander free-air CO 2 and O 3 enrichment study using tree species [73]. Regardless of the underlying causes, our results suggest that O 3 may have limited impact on soil microbial processes in agricultural systems under future CO 2 scenarios and that its effect will be dependent on the sensitivity of crop cultivars to O 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study Of Cements And Stone/shale-brine-co2 Interactions

2014

Carbon Capture and Storage

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Climate change factors such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ) can exert significant impacts on soil microbes and the ecosystem level processes they mediate. However, the underlying mechanisms by which soil microbes respond to these environmental changes remain poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis, which states that CO 2 -or O 3 -induced changes in carbon (C) availability dominate microbial responses, is primarily based on results from nitrogen (N)-limiting forests and grasslands. It remains largely unexplored how soil microbes respond to elevated CO 2 and O 3 in N-rich or N-aggrading systems, which severely hinders our ability to predict the long-term soil C dynamics in agroecosystems. Using a long-term field study conducted in a no-till wheat-soybean rotation system with open-top chambers, we showed that elevated CO 2 but not O 3 had a potent influence on soil microbes. Elevated CO 2 (1.56ambient) significantly increased, while O 3 (1.46ambient) reduced, aboveground (and presumably belowground) plant residue C and N inputs to soil. However, only elevated CO 2 significantly affected soil microbial biomass, activities (namely heterotrophic respiration) and community composition. The enhancement of microbial biomass and activities by elevated CO 2 largely occurred in the third and fourth years of the experiment and coincided with increased soil N availability, likely due to CO 2 -stimulation of symbiotic N 2 fixation in soybean. Fungal biomass and the fungi:bacteria ratio decreased under both ambient and elevated CO 2 by the third year and also coincided with increased soil N availability; but they were significantly higher under elevated than ambient CO 2 . These results suggest that more attention should be directed towards assessing the impact of N availability on microbial activities and decomposition in projections of soil organic C balance in N-rich systems under future CO 2 scenarios.

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Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long‐term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric CO₂ and tropospheric O₃

Cited by 139 publications

References 35 publications

Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

A new approach to trenching experiments for measuring root–rhizosphere respiration in a lowland tropical forest

Experimental Study Of Cements And Stone/shale-brine-co2 Interactions

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Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long‐term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3

Cited by 139 publications

References 35 publications

Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China

A new approach to trenching experiments for measuring root–rhizosphere respiration in a lowland tropical forest

Experimental Study Of Cements And Stone/shale-brine-co2 Interactions

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Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long‐term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric CO₂ and tropospheric O₃