Soil Remediation by Surface Heating and Vacuum Extraction

Stegemeier, G.L.; Vinegar, H.J.

doi:10.2523/29771-ms

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Multistage processes such as soil washing are complicated and not robust. In-situ techniques include soil vapor extraction, bioremediation, and thermal desorption ( − ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Blanket for In-Situ Remediation of Surficial Contamination: A Pilot Test

Iben

Edelstein

Sheldon

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Surficial PCB contamination has been successfully and safely removed from soils in a field test at the site of a former dragstrip where oil-containing PCBs had been sprayed to minimize airborne dust. Decontamination was achieved by electrically heating a 9.3-m2 area under a thermal blanket, and PCB concentrations were reduced from up to 2000 ppm to less than 2 ppm in 24 h of heating. Initial PCB concentration in some of the more contaminated areas averaged 700 mg/kg from 0 to 7.5 cm deep and 100 mg/kg from 7.5 to 15 cm, with maximum concentrations as high as 2000 mg/kg at the surface. The thermal blanket was operated at temperatures ranging from 815 to 925 °C. It took about 20−24 h for a 15-cm depth to reach 200 °C, which was sufficient to reduce the total PCB concentration to below the mandated 2 mg/kg cleanup levels. The variation of times to reach the desired temperature is principally related to soil water content. A vapor stream was drawn by vacuum from the thermal blanket at a rate of 550−1100 L(STP)/min. Vaporized groundwater constitutes from 40% to 70% of the vapor stream at the beginning of each heating cycle and therefore displaces a significant fraction of the air, but enough remains for oxidation of waste stream hydrocarbons in an external thermal oxidizer. We also tested 2.4 m × 6 m thermal blanket modules that could be assembled into large arrays to treat extensive areas. A full-scale thermal blanket system designed to treat this site would consist of 20 modules assembled into 288 m2 thermal treatment systems, which require 1.8 MW of power and operate on a three-part cycle: heat and treat soil cool, and move to a new treatment area. Emissions from the blanket consist of organics, which are destroyed by passing through a flameless thermal oxidizer.

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“…Multistage processes such as soil washing are complicated and not robust. In-situ techniques include soil vapor extraction, bioremediation, and thermal desorption ( − ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shallow depth of contamination makes this site ideal for treatment by thermal desorption using surface heating ( − ). Heat is applied to the soil surface using an electrically heated thermal blanket.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Blanket for In-Situ Remediation of Surficial Contamination: A Pilot Test

Iben

Edelstein

Sheldon

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Previously conducted field tests on sealed containers ) and engineering calculations (Stegemeier 1995) indicate that the potential of there being an environmental concern, personnel safety, or equipment safety concern is minimal.…”

Section: Data Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat is applied through resistive wire placed in stainless steel tubes (wells) for subsurface applications deeper than 3 ft (Stegemeier 1995). The resistance heaters are placed in the subsurface wells throughout the entire area to be treated.…”

Section: In Situ Thermal Desorption Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operable Unit 7-13/14 in situ thermal desorption treatability study work plan

Shaw¹,

Nickelson²,

Hyde³

1999

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This Work Plan provides technical details for conducting a treatability study that will evaluate the application of in situ thermal desorption (ISTD) to landfill waste at the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). ISTD is a form of thermally enhanced vapor vacuum extraction that heats contaminated soil and waste underground to raise its temperature and thereby vaporize and destroy most organics. An aboveground vapor vacuum collection and treatment system then destroys or absorbs the remaining organics and vents carbon dioxide and water to the atmosphere. The technology is a byproduct of an advanced oil-well thermal extraction program. The purpose of the ISTD treatability study is to fill performance-based data gaps relative to off-gas system performance, administrative feasibility, effects of the treatment on radioactive contaminants, worker safety during mobilization and demobilization, and effects of landfill type waste on the process (time to remediate, subsidence potential, underground fires, etc.). By performing this treatability study, uncertainties associated with ISTD as a selected remedy will be reduced, providing a better foundation of remedial recommendations and ultimate selection of remedial actions for the SDA. SUMMARYThis Work Plan provides technical details for conducting a treatability study to determine the effectiveness, implementability, and cost of applying in situ thermal desorption (ISTD) to subsurface waste at the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). The SDA falls under the jurisdiction of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, 42 USC § 9601 et seq.). ISTD is one of several treatment options identified in the addendum to the Work Plan for the Operable Unit (OU) 7-13/14 Waste Area Group 7 Comprehensive Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The purpose of this treatability study is to fill performance-based data gaps relative to ISTD. By performing the ISTD treatability study, uncertainties associated with selecting remedies will be reduced. Therefore, a better foundation will be provided for remedial recommendations and the ultimate selection of remedial actions for the SDA.The overall objective of the ISTD treatability study is to provide sufficient data to evaluate ISTD either as a pretreatment to some other technology or as a long-term in situ disposal option at the SDA. The ISTD Treatability Study Work Plan provides the technical details for conducting the tests, managed through a graded risk approach. The current study will take place in three phases: lab-scale (radioactive), field-scale (nonradioactive), and field-scale (radioactive). The nonradioactive field-scale test will use comparable matrices with surrogates in place of hazardous and radiological contaminants. If the results of this phase are sufficiently encouraging, the technology will then be tested at a radioactive site containing a...

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Soil Remediation by Surface Heating and Vacuum Extraction

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Thermal Blanket for In-Situ Remediation of Surficial Contamination: A Pilot Test

Thermal Blanket for In-Situ Remediation of Surficial Contamination: A Pilot Test

Operable Unit 7-13/14 in situ thermal desorption treatability study work plan

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