Soil properties affecting weed distribution in spring cereal and vegetable fields

Ervio, R.; Hyvärinen, Seppo; Erviö, Leila‐Riitta; Salonen, Jukka T.

doi:10.23986/afsci.72711

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The higher abundance of E. repens in the northwest is in line with the results obtained by the latest survey of inland sites (Salonen et al 2001b) and is explained by the preference of this weed for moist silt and organic soils (Mukula et al 1969, Erviö et al 1994. Compared with the 1960s, the frequency of E. repens in fields not treated with herbicides has generally increased (cf.…”

Section: Weed Communities In the Coastal Regionssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…and F. officinalis were found only in this region. Likewise, the significantly higher densities and dry weights of M. arvensis, P. aviculare and T. inodorum in the south can be explained by the preference of these weed species for dry mineral soils (Mukula et al 1969, Erviö and Salonen 1987, Ellenberg et al 1991, Erviö et al 1994). On the other hand, the significantly higher abundances of Galeopsis spp.…”

Section: Weed Communities In the Coastal Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals

Riesinger¹,

Hyvönen²

2008

AFSci

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Weed communities of organically cropped spring cereal stands in the southern and the northwestern coastal regions of Finland (= south and northwest, respectively) were compared with respect to number of species, frequency of occurrence, density and dry weight. Regional specialization of agricultural production along with differences in climate and soil properties were expected to generate differences in weed communities between south and northwest. Total and average numbers of species were higher in the south than in the northwest (33 vs. 26 and 15.6 vs. 10.0, respectively). Some rare species (e.g. Papaver dubium) were found in the south. Fumaria officinalis and Lamium spp. were found only in the south. The densities and dry weights of Lapsana communis, Myosotis arvensis, Polygonum aviculare, Tripleurospermum inodorum and Vicia spp. were higher in the south, while the densities and dry weights of Elymus repens, Persicaria spp. and Spergula arvensis were higher in the northwest. Total density of weeds did not differ between south and northwest (average = 565 vs. 570 shoots m -2 , respectively). Total dry weight of weeds was higher in the northwest compared with the south (average = 1594 vs. 697 kg ha -1 , respectively), mainly due to the high dry weight of E. repens. The only variable that was dependent on the duration of organic farming was weed density in the south. The abundance of nitrophilous in relation to non-nitrophilous weed species was higher while the abundance of perennial ruderal and grassland weed species was lower compared with previous weed surveys. This can be regarded as the result of increasing cropping intensity on organic farms in Finland. Different weed communities call for the application of specific target-oriented weed management in the respective coastal regions.

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Section: Weed Communities In the Coastal Regionssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Weed Communities In the Coastal Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals

Riesinger¹,

Hyvönen²

2008

AFSci

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“…Soil properties have been found to be an important factor explaining the species composition of weed communities (Andreasen et al 1991). Salonen (1993) and Erviö et al (1994) analysed the data of the second weed survey and found that Chenopodium album, Lamium spp. and Fallopia convolvulus were more abundant in clay than in coarse mineral or organic soils.…”

Section: Salonen J Et Al Weeds In Spring Cereals In Finlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weeds in spring cereal fields in Finland - a third survey

Salonen¹,

Hyvönen²,

Jalli³

2001

AFSci

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A survey of weeds in spring cereal fields was conducted in 16 regions of southern and central Finland in [1997][1998][1999]. Data were collected from conventional and organic farms, both of which applied their normal cropping practices. A total of 690 fields were investigated by counting and weighing the weed species from ten sample quadrats 0.1 m 2 in size in late July -early August. Altogether 160 weed species were found, of which 134 were broad-leaved and 26 grass species. The total number of weed species ranged from 41 to 84 between regions. In organically farmed fields, the average species number was 24 and in conventionally farmed fields 16. The most frequent weed species were Viola arvensis 84%, Stellaria media 76% and Galeopsis spp. 70%. Only 18 species exceeded the frequency level of 33%. The average density of weeds was 136 m -2 (median= 91) in sprayed conventional fields, 420 m -2 (374) in unsprayed conventional fields and 469 m -2 (395) in organic fields. The average airdry above-ground biomass of weeds was 163 kg ha -1 (median=63), 605 kg ha -1 (413) and 678 kg ha -1 (567), respectively. Weed biomass accounted for 3% of the total biomass of the crop stand in sprayed conventional fields and for 17% in organic fields. Elymus repens, the most frequent grass species, produced the highest proportion of weed biomass.

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“…Recent studies from central and northern Europe (Salonen 1993;Erviö et al 1994;Lososová et al 2004;Pyšek et al 2005b) and from Canada (Dale et al 1992) have emphasised the importance of environmental factors, which influence changes in species composition of weed vegetation. For example, the multivariate analysis of a large phytosociological data set of weed vegetation from the Czech Republic and Slovakia showed that altitude explained most of the variation in species composition, followed by the explanatory variables representing seasonal (phenological) changes, longterm changes at the time scale of decades, and crop type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species composition of weed vegetation on arable land is simultaneously influenced by various environmental factors, such as climate and soil properties (Dale et al 1992;Erviö et al 1994;Andersson and Milberg 1998;Hallgren et al 1999;Walter et al 2002;Pyšek et al 2005b), and agricultural practices, such as crop type and associated management, including application of fertilisers and herbicides, mechanical weeding and tilling (Andersson and Milberg 1998;Gerowitt 2003;Hyvönen et al 2005). Besides the spatial variation reflecting the effects of these factors, the composition of annual weed vegetation also varies greatly over the seasons, forming distinct communities in spring, summer and autumn (Kropáč et al 1971;Holzner 1973Holzner , 1978Lososová et al 2003Lososová et al , 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: effects of environmental factors on species composition

Cimalová

Lososová

2008

Plant Ecol

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Factors determining changes in species composition of arable field weed vegetation in the northeastern part of the Czech Republic were studied. Gradsect sampling, i.e. a priori stratified selection of sampling sites, was used for the field research. Using this method, a data set of 174 vegetation plots, covering a whole range of basic environmental characteristics in the study area, was compiled in 2001-2003. A set of environmental variables (altitude, annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, soil type, soil pH and crop type) together with date of sampling was obtained for each plot. Ordination methods were used to determine the effects of variables on arable weed composition. For each variable, the gross and net effect on weed species composition were calculated. All variables considered in this study had a significant effect on weed species composition and explained 7.25% of the total variation in species data. Major changes in weed species composition in the study area were associated with different crop types. The second most important gradient in the variability of weed vegetation in the study area was associated with altitudinal and climatic changes followed by seasonal changes and different soil types and pH. Our results show that on a regional scale, the relative importance of different crop types and their associated management on changes in arable weed species composition is higher than the relative importance of climatic variables. The relative importance of climatic variables decreases with their decreasing length of gradient.

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Soil properties affecting weed distribution in spring cereal and vegetable fields

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals

Weed occurrence in Finnish coastal regions: a survey of organically cropped spring cereals

Weeds in spring cereal fields in Finland - a third survey

Arable weed vegetation of the northeastern part of the Czech Republic: effects of environmental factors on species composition

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