Soil Pollution by the Cement Industry in the Bazian Vicinity, Kurdistan Region

Jadoon, Saima; Amin, Abdulfattah Ahmad; Malik, Arif; Kamal, Hamza M.

doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000413

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, various toxic metals and ions leaching from fly ash-soil mixtures are documented in wet environments, and serious environmental problems and risks can emerge [16,17]. In addition, it is noted that the cement is mainly composed of calcium aluminium silicate, whereas a trace amount of Cd, Pb, Ti, Fe, and silica can be found leaching from cement [18]. Long-term heavy metal mobilisation from cement may result in environmental risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer on Frost Heave Mitigation and Its Implication for Frost-Susceptible Soil

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Seasonally frozen ground regions occupy approximately 55% of the exposed land surface in the Northern Hemisphere, and frost heave is the common global problem in seasonally frozen soil areas. Frost heave induces uneven deformation of ground and damages railways, road paving, and buildings. How to mitigate frost heave is the most important technical issue in this field that has provoked great interest. Here, using freezing experiments, we investigate the effect of anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) polymer on frost susceptible soil. The results demonstrate a so-far undocumented inhibition of frost heave by APAM in freezing soil, namely APAM (tested at concentrations from 0.0 wt% to 0.60 wt%) slows down the frost heave by a factor of up to 2.1 (since 0.60 wt% APAM can decrease frost heave from 8.56 mm to 4.14 mm in comparison to the control experiment). Moreover, it can be observed that the maximum water content near the frozen fringe decreased from 53.4% to 31.4% as the APAM content increased from 0.0 wt% to 0.60 wt%, implying a mitigated ice lens growth. Hydrogen bonding between APAM and soil particles triggers an adsorption mechanism that accumulates soil particles, and thus can potentially inhibit the separation and growth of the ice lens. Moreover, the residue of APAM due to hydrogen bonding-induced adsorption in the pores of granular media may narrow seepage channels (capillary barriers) and provide an unfavourable condition for water migration. The use of APAM can also increase the viscosity of the solution, which causes a greater water migration resistance. This research provides new insights into APAM-influenced frost heave (introducing APAM into the soil can induce bridging adsorption between APAM polymer segments and a particle surface), can enable engineers and researchers to utilise chemical improvement design and to consider suitable actions (e.g., by injecting APAM solution into a frost susceptible soil or using APAM-modified soil to replace the frost susceptible soil) to prevent frost heave from having a negative impact on traffic roads and buildings in cold regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer on Frost Heave Mitigation and Its Implication for Frost-Susceptible Soil

Wang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Therefore, monitoring and treatment of pollutants emanating from cement plants are undertaken in various countries (Adebisi & Omoyeni, 2017;Giobanu et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2022). For example, Jadoon et al (2016) monitored the impact of the cement industry on soil quality in Iraq and found that soil pollution increased in study sites located closest to the cement industry. Another study by Ipeaiyeda and Obaje (2017) monitored the impact of the cement industry on river water quality in Nigeria and found that release of wastewater effluents led to an increase in levels of pH, nitrate, phosphate, total suspended and dissolved solids, turbidity and biological oxygen demand at the downstream site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Cement Industry on Water Quality in the Athi River, Machakos County, Kenya

Mbaka

2023

East Afr. j. environ. nat. resour.

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Cement is one of the most often used building materials and its production is increasing globally. Simultaneously, cement production is energy intensive and produces harmful emissions such as gases, noise, and wastewater. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the cement industry on water quality in Athi River, Kenya. The cement industry had significant impacts on water physicochemical variables such as temperature (p = 0.0003), conductivity (p = <0.001), total suspended solids (p = <0.001), ammonium (p = 0.04), pH (p = 0.02), and turbidity (p = 0.0001). Mean values for physicochemical variables such as conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, turbidity, and lead exceeded the limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water quality. Water pollution control strategies need to be implemented to improve water quality in the Athi River and prevent further deterioration of the environment. Future studies should evaluate the effect of the cement industry on other water resources (e.g., groundwater) and air quality

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“…At present, Pakistan has an estimated functioning capacity of cement production between 46 -49 million tonnes per annum and by 2020 it is expected to increase up to 76 million tonnes per annum [3]. During the manufacturing of cement, a lot of soil pollution, water pollution and air pollution occurs [4]. Thus, in order to avoid such undesired effects of cement manufacturing C on economy and environment, it was needed to find some suitable cement replacer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Strength and Durability Properties of One Way Slabs Incorporating Marble Dust as Cement Replacement Material

Azhar

Qureshi

Rashid

2021

Mehran Univ. res. j. eng. technol.

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To reduce the environmental pollution caused by cement manufacturing and to save both the economy and resources, it is required to use alternative waste materials of pozzolanic nature to partially replace cement in the construction industry. Among different cement replacement materials being used now-a-days, marble dust is the one on which limited research has been done especially on the performance of structural members like RC slabs. In this paper, marble dust has been used in different ratios as partial replacement of cement in concrete mix. RC one-way slabs as well as plain concrete standard samples were cast to determine their mechanical properties i.e. compressive, tensile and flexural strengths, stiffness, first & ultimate load, crack patterns, modulus of elasticity, maximum deflection and durability etc. It was found that by increasing the dosage of marble dust in plain concrete samples, workability was decreased. Compressive and tensile strengths of concrete increased up to 7.5% replacement but decreased on further replacement. The permeability of concrete decreased with the addition of marble dust up to 10% replacement, then it increased. The behavior of one-way slabs showed an increase in the first crack load and ultimate failure capacity. Moreover, decrease in the deflection of slabs was observed with the increasing replacement of cement with marble dust. The resistance of concrete against corrosion of steel reinforcement also increased due to less migration of chloride ions. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) tests showed improved homogeneity and stiffness of concrete structure with the replacement of cement by marble dust.

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Soil Pollution by the Cement Industry in the Bazian Vicinity, Kurdistan Region

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer on Frost Heave Mitigation and Its Implication for Frost-Susceptible Soil

Effect of Anionic Polyacrylamide Polymer on Frost Heave Mitigation and Its Implication for Frost-Susceptible Soil

Impact of Cement Industry on Water Quality in the Athi River, Machakos County, Kenya

Investigating the Strength and Durability Properties of One Way Slabs Incorporating Marble Dust as Cement Replacement Material

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