Soil Placement of Insecticide Granules for the Control of Cabbage Root Fly on Transplanted Canliflowers

Bevan, W. J.; Kelly, I. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1975.tb01868.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The eight insecticide treatments adopted for the experiment were granular formulations of chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, diazinon and fonofos applied to the soil surface and sub-surface (Bevan and Kelly, 1975) for cabbage root fly control. All except chlormephos were available commercially in the UK.…”

Section: Treatments and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting results from co‐operative trials of insecticide treatments against cabbage root fly on summer cauliflowers

Graham¹,

Wheatley²

1979

Plant Pathology

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SUMMARY The parameters used to assess the performances of soil surface and sub‐surface bands of chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, diazinon, and fonofos granules against the cabbage root fly (Delia brassicae (Wiedemann)) in field trials at five sites in different parts of England in 1971 were: the root damage indices (RDIs) 4–5 weeks after transplanting and at harvest, the numbers of eggs, larvae and pupae per plant, the marketable yield and the percentage of plants with marketable curds. When the treatments were ranked for each parameter, the numbers of eggs or of larvae and pupae were no more informative than the RDIs 4–5 weeks after treatment or at harvest. Ranking also indicated that the percentages of plants yielding marketable curds, which could be determined without harvesting, revealed the relative effects of the treatments on yield as satisfactorily as the weights of the curds or the calculated numbers of crates per hectare. When the data for all parameters were summarised by ranking, the sub‐surface applications of chlormephos, chlorfenvinphos and fonofos were consistently the most effective treatments. Surface bands of chlormephos or diazinon granules were ineffective or, at some sites, enhanced root damage.

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Section: Treatments and Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting results from co‐operative trials of insecticide treatments against cabbage root fly on summer cauliflowers

Graham¹,

Wheatley²

1979

Plant Pathology

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“…Appendix 21; page [7][8][9][10][11][12] The application of granules in a band in front of the planting shoe, as recommended for rutabagas and turnips, was examined by Bevan and Kelly (1975) with dyed granules. They described the majority of granules being pushed away from the furrow and forming two distinct side bands 51-76 mm apart at the nearest point.…”

Section: Appendix 1a Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals ‐ Revision of Guidance Document under Council Directive 91/414/EEC (SANCO/4145/2000 – final of 25 September 2002) ‐ Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant protection products and their Residues (PPR) on the Science behind the Guidance Document on Risk Assessment for birds and mammals

2008

EFS2

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In the course of the revision it became apparent that the task embraced several risk management issues that are not within EFSA's and the PPR Panel's remit. Therefore, the PPR Panel has adopted a two-stage approach and first has prepared the present 'Scientific Opinion on the Science behind the Guidance Document (GD) on risk assessment for birds and mammals' using a modular approach. In the second stage, a joint working group of representatives from EFSA, the European Commission and Member States will consider the risk management issues and finalise the revised/new Guidance Document. However, this opinion will remain unchanged and hence be a reference document giving the full scientific background to the risk assessment for birds and mammals.1 For citation purposes: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Plant protection products and their residues on a request from the EFSA PRAPeR Unit on risk assessment for birds and mammals. The EFSA Journal (2008) 734, 1-181 Risk assessment for birds & mammalsThe EFSA Journal (2008) 734, 2-181The opinion addresses approaches to risk assessment for birds and mammals. In both cases, a tiered approach is used to assess the risk of mortality and reproductive effects.The PPR Panel has developed a first-tier assessment procedure for a large range of scenarios including different crops and different types of pesticide uses (e.g. granules, seed treatment, and sprays). Each scenario is a combination of the ecological characteristics of exposed species and other factors relevant to exposure, e.g. the type and structure of crop, and the type of formulation of the pesticide product. The Panel has used the best available data to define each scenario.In most cases the assessment results in a toxicity-exposure-ratio (TER) as a measure of risk. However, in the case of acute risks to birds from sprayed pesticides, the PPR Panel has also offered an alternative approach based on the number of lethal doses applied per square meter (LD 50 /m²).The PPR Panel evaluated the level of protection provided by each first-tier procedure, taking account of the conservatism of the assumptions used, uncertainties arising from factors omitted from the assessment (e.g. dermal exposure) and, where available, evidence on actual effects in field studies or from incident monitoring.The PPR Panel provides guidance on the range of options available for higher-tier risk assessment, e.g. refined dietary exposure assessments using realistic data on the ecology of relevant species; or field studies in order to get better residue data, better ecological data, or to measure effects.The PPR Panel also presents guidance on how to combine different types of evidence from higher-tier risk assessment to form an overall judgement on the level of risk, giving appropriate weight to the strengths and uncertainties of each type of evidence.More detailed guidance on specific aspects of higher risk assessment is given in a series of Appendices to the opinion. Further Appendices provide detailed scientific background and underlying d...

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Changing scenes of crop protection

Wheatley

1987

Annals of Applied Biology

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Each of my predecessors will have felt as I feel at this moment, deeply honoured to have been elected President of the Association of Applied Biologists. Choosing an appropriate subject for a Presidential Address is a dilemma faced by every President. On this occasion I decided that an important feature of the sciences and technologies embraced by applied biology, summed up in one word, 'change', could usefully form a theme for this occasion. Features of 'change'Of itself, 'change' is not of great interest for it is a norm in biology. It becomes especially important, even critical, when the rates or velocities. of change are themselves changing as accelerations and decelerations in the metamorphoses of eventsscientific and technical, strategic and tactical. Excessive accelerations in change cannot be sustained indefinitely for they soon outrun the ability of infrastructures to keep pace. Order then gives way to chaos unless stabilising forces intervene.Mathematically, velocity of change is portrayed as a linear relationship of the form Y = a + bX, a being the 'positional' or 'level' constant and b a measure of slope or velocity of change in Y with respect to X. This implies a steady change of state, perfectly predictable and continuing towards infinity. In the natural sciences such simple relationships tend to occur only between narrow limits, and in biology the limits can be narrow indeed. An example is the influence of temperature on growth of poikilothermic organisms which rarely holds outside a range of about 2 to 50°C. Most relationships require more complex mathematical models to allow for instantaneous, regular, intermittent or even cyclical changes (accelerations) in velocity which are represented in calculus as second or higher-order differentials. A rate of change may increase (accelerate) or decrease (decelerate). It may exhibit points of inflection where the rate of acceleration changes and turning points which mark changes in sign of the velocity or gradient as a trend changes from an increasing to a decreasing state, or vice versa.What has this to do with applied biology and crop protection in particular? Well, to me, the ability to detect and interpret the accelerations of trends in populations of organisms is a key to effective reconciliation of mankind's relationship with the natural universe. Today this assumes crucial importance to applied biologists everywhere. Suddenly during this century, but particularly in the past 40 years, mankind has acquired frightening powers to accelerate

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Soil Placement of Insecticide Granules for the Control of Cabbage Root Fly on Transplanted Canliflowers

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Interpreting results from co‐operative trials of insecticide treatments against cabbage root fly on summer cauliflowers

Interpreting results from co‐operative trials of insecticide treatments against cabbage root fly on summer cauliflowers

Changing scenes of crop protection

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