Soil physical properties affected by biochar addition at different plant phaenological phases. Part II

Makó, András; Barna, Gyöngyi; Horel, Ágota

doi:10.31545/intagr/115285

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…We assumed that the numerous beneficial properties of biochar for soil and plants such as high specific surface area, porous structure, or nutrients availability, would enhance AMF colonization and glomalin production by providing suitable AMF habitats. Based on earlier studies [2], we also hypothesized that different plant growth phases and biochar amounts would affect differently the soil physical properties, especially the SSA, and thus consequently influence the AMF colonization of the plant roots. We attempt to explain the extent of these changes and correlations between soil physicochemical properties on the progress of AMF hyphal spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Biochar Alters Soil Physical Characteristics, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization, and Glomalin Production

et al. 2020

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Soil enhancements such as biochar (BC) are gaining attention as tools to mitigate climate change and also to promote crop growth. However, biochar use can disrupt soil ecosystems by changing the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. The study aimed to determine how biochar influences soil physical changes such as specific surface area (SSA) and water vapor sorption, and how these conditions affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) hyphae growth and glomalin production. The study analyzed these factors at different plant phenological phases (i.e., flowering, development of fruit, and ripening of fruit and seed) to better understand the changes within the system while varying biochar amounts. The study also investigated the effect of different soil physical and chemical parameters on mycorrhizal hyphae growth and glomalin production. Four treatments were investigated: 0, 0.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0% (w/w) biochar amended silt loam soil planted with pepper. Soil samples were taken at the beginning and weeks 6, 10, and 12 of the study. The amount of adsorbed water vapor increased with an increasing amount of biochar added to the soils. Compared to control, SSA was significantly higher in all biochar amended treatments based on adsorption data, and only in the highest biochar amended soils for the desorption data at the end of the experiment. The presence of AMF in the roots appeared at week 6 of the experiment and the intensity of AMF root colonization increased with the age of plants. The AMF colonization parameters were significantly lower in BC2.5 compared to all other biochar amended soils. The abundance of intraradical AMF structures was highly correlated with several physicochemical soil parameters, such as SSA, the geometric mean diameter of soil aggregate, soil aggregate sizes, or pH. Glomalin production was negatively correlated with SSA, water vapor adsorption, aggregate stability, aggregate size, total nitrogen, potassium, and organic carbon content of the soil, while positive correlation was observed with bulk density. Increased biochar amount resulted in a significant decrease in glomalin production, concurrent with the age of the plants. Our results highlight the great complexity of interactions between soil physicochemical and biological parameters, and the importance of the time of sampling when biochar is used in soil, as the effects of biochar additions on the plant, soil physical characteristics, and soil microsymbionts vary over time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Biochar production from unused organic materials can also lessen waste generation [1]. The application of biochar can greatly influence the soil's physical [2][3][4][5], chemical [6,7], and biological properties [8,9]; therefore, careful evaluation of its use is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Alters Soil Physical Characteristics, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization, and Glomalin Production

et al. 2020

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“…Various preceding studies reported a positive effect of biochar on the physical, hydro-physical and hydraulic properties of soil [8,[19][20][21]. The application of biochar positively affected bulk density [22], soil porosity [23][24][25], soil water capacity [26] and soil hydraulic conductivity [27,28]. Due to the highly porous nature of biochar, its introduction into the soil can improve the soil physical properties by creating the new pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Biochar Application and Re-Application on Soil Bulk Density, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Content and Soil Water Availability in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol

et al. 2020

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Due to climate change the productive agricultural sectors have started to face various challenges, such as soil drought. Biochar is studied as a promising soil amendment. We studied the effect of a former biochar application (in 2014) and re-application (in 2018) on bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content and selected soil water constants at the experimental site in Dolná Malanta (Slovakia) in 2019. Biochar was applied and re-applied at the rates of 0, 10 and 20 t ha−1. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied annually at application levels N0, N1 and N2. In 2019, these levels were represented by the doses of 0, 108 and 162 kg N ha−1, respectively. We found that biochar applied at 20 t ha−1 without fertilizer significantly reduced bulk density by 12% and increased porosity by 12%. During the dry period, a relative increase in soil water content was observed at all biochar treatments—the largest after re-application of biochar at a dose of 20 t ha−1 at all fertilization levels. The biochar application also significantly increased plant available water. We suppose that change in the soil structure following a biochar amendment was one of the main reasons of our observations.

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“…Although during the first year of the study biochar amendment increased soil respiration in the plots with maize, it resulted in a 4.5% reduction in the two-year overall CO 2 emissions for the planted plots compared with empty plots. It was found in earlier studies that the biochar used can change bulk density, consequently increasing soil porosity, which can result in higher oxygen in the larger pore spaces in the soil [12]. This changed soil physical parameter can cause better environmental conditions for aerobe microorganisms, ultimately increasing soil respiration.…”

Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Soil Ghg Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil water dynamics can influence soil chemistry, for example by increasing nutrients leaching off the root zone, where nutrient limitations in soils can affect plant growth and health. Biochar also affects soil physical properties, such as through increased aggregate stability, porosity, and bulk density [11][12][13], which can influence soil moisture levels and, consequently, the available water for plants. Biochar use can cause increased yield production of maize or other crops, which might result from the improved soil conditions of soil moisture [4,14], reduced bulk density [15], or specific soil chemical and biological parameters [13,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Soil–Plant–Water System Due to Biochar Amendment

Horel

Tóth

2021

Water

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The aim of this study was to do a complex examination of the soil–plant–water system and soil greenhouse gas emissions when biochar is applied to soil planted with sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata). The study covers two consecutive vegetation periods. We investigated (i) the changes in plant growth, (ii) soil water and temperature at different depths, (iii) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (CO2 and N2O) after biochar application, and (iv) the soil water, chemistry, and plant interactions. We used discrete measurements for plant growth, biomass production, and soil chemistry, while continuously monitoring the soil water content and temperature, and the state of plant health (i.e., using spectral reflectance sensors). Plant response in the control plot showed higher values of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; 0.3%) and lower values for photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (fAPAR) by 26.8% and 2.24%, respectively, than for biochar treatments. We found significant negative correlations between fAPAR and soil water contents (SWC), and NDVI and SWC values (−0.59 < r < −0.30; p < 0.05). Soil temperature at the depth of 15 cm influenced soil CO2 emissions to a larger extent (r > 0.5; p < 0.01) than air temperature (0.21 < r < 0.33) or soil water content (r < 0.06; p > 0.05). Our data showed strong connections between GHG production and soil chemical parameters of soil pH, nitrogen, potassium, or phosphate concentrations. Biochar application increased soil CO2 emissions but reduced N2O emissions. Our results demonstrated that biochar amendment to soils can help plant growth initially, but might not result in enhanced crop yield. The plant parameters were substantially different between the investigated years for both control and biochar amended parcels; therefore, long-term studies are essential to document the lasting effects of these treatments.

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Soil physical properties affected by biochar addition at different plant phaenological phases. Part II

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Biochar Alters Soil Physical Characteristics, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization, and Glomalin Production

Biochar Alters Soil Physical Characteristics, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Colonization, and Glomalin Production

Effect of Biochar Application and Re-Application on Soil Bulk Density, Porosity, Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Water Content and Soil Water Availability in a Silty Loam Haplic Luvisol

Changes in the Soil–Plant–Water System Due to Biochar Amendment

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